Neuro Presentations Flashcards
What is ataxia?
Uncoordinated or clumsy - balance - speech - limb movements Cerebellar disorder
What is chorea?
Repetitive, brief, irregular, rapid involuntary movements
Dancy
Feature of Huntingtons
What are some other causes of involuntary movements?
Tourette Syndrome
Parkinson’s
Myoclonus
Tardive Dyskinesia
What scale can be used to assess abnormal involuntary movements?
AIMS scale
What are some differentials for memory loss?
Dementia Traumatic brain injury Hypothyroidism Haemorrhagic stroke Seizures
What is a cause of vertigo?
Meniere's disease - disorder of the inner ear Arteriosclerosis of cerebral vessels Brain lesion e.g. acoustic neuroma Motion sickness BPPV Viral labyrinthitis
What is vertigo?
Vertigo is the sensation that the environment is spinning around relative to oneself
What are some features of BPPV
Gradual onset Triggered by change in head position Each episode lasts 10-20 seconds Average age 55 yrs Self-limiting but relapsing is common
What can relieve symptoms of BPPV?
Epley manoeuvre
Exercises at home
Surgery - extreme cases
How is BPPV diagnosed?
Clinically
Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre
Postive supine lateral head turn
What surgery can be done for BPPV?
Singular neurectomy
Posterior canal occlusion
What are the characteristic features of meniere’s disease?
Sudden onset vertigo Hearing loss Tinnitus Sensation of fullness in the affected ear Positive Romberg's test
What are RFs for meniere’s disease?
Recent viral infection
Genetic predisposition
Autoimmune disease
What investigations can be done to diagnose meniere’s disease?
Pure-tone air and bone conduction - unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Speech audiometry
Tympanometry - normal
Oto-acoustic emissions - absence of measurable OAE
What is the management for meniere’s disease?
ENT assessment Restrict dietary sodium Limit caffeine Reduce alcohol Inform DVLA Diuretic?
