neuro physiology theme 1 Flashcards
Types of sympathetic ganglion?
paravertebral-sympathetic chain
prevertebral- near the aorta
terminal ganglia- within the effector organ
What does sympathetic preganglionic release? and what receptor does it bind to?
ACh, and it binds to nitotinic receptors
Sympatheti postagnlionic release what? and binds to what?
NE… binds to alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2 on smooth muscle & glands
ACh… binds to muscarinic receptors on sweat glands
What do pre and postganglionic parasympathetic nerves release? and what do they bind to?
Pre- release ACh, binds to Nicotinic receptor
Post- release ACh, binds to Muscarinic receptors on smooth muscles and glands
What is special about the nerves of Adrenal medulla?
Only have preganglionic sympathetic nerve that synapse at the adrenal medulla. the nerve releases ACh that binds to N. AM then secrets (into blood) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Function of Varicosities?
In postganglionic neuron swelling containing NT. It it the synaptic contact between an ANS post gang neuron and its target cell. It functions as a end plate to release the NT
Name the functions of the SNS?
Fight or flight response: Pupil dilation dec lacrimation/salivation bronchodilation inc HR dec GI motility and secretions holding urine orgasm glucose production/ release seating and piloerection Peripheral blood vessel constriction
Function of PSNS
Rest/digest response: pupil constriction inc lacrimation/salivation bronchoconstriction dec HR inc GI motility and secretions Urinating sexual arousal
Nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS) function
coordinates ANS functions and relexes, relays info to hypothalamus
Name the four preganglionic nuclei, their CN #, and function
Ediger-Westphal Nucleus, CN 3, control of pupil & iris
Sup & inf salivatory nuclei, CN 9, salivation reflexes
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, CN 10, Contro of lungs and GI organs
Nucleus ambiguus, CN 9 &10, Coordinate swallowing reflexes & control HR
order of brainstem control of ANS
NTS, Reticular formation preganglionic nuclei
Functions of hypothalamus?
Homoestatic range modulation
drive-driven behavior (thirst, sex, hurnger)
modulates the nervous and endocrine systems
How does the hypothalamus monitor homeostatic function?
Sense by the neural signals , directly sensing by circumventricular organs(CVO)-> transmission to hypothalamus—–> effects change by nerual signals or secretory CVOs that secret hormones
What does the limbic system do? what are the 3 key structures
fight or flight response
hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, anterior thalamic nuclei
What is the third division of the ANS? where is it located and what is it made up of?
Enteric nervous system
plexuses of neurons surrounding the GI tract
pathway:
afferent(viserosensory), interneurons, and efferent(visceromotor) neurons
2 plexuses: myenteric and submucosal
Name the 3 ANS control centers in the Brain Steam and what do they do?
Respiratory center- controls respiration rate, by chemoreceptors of CO2 levels
Cardiovascular center- controls BP by baroreceptors & chemorecptors regulating vascular tone
Micturition center- urinary bladder distension. by mechanoreceptors controling the urethra sphincter and bladder
Type of nicotinic receptors? and where are they located?
2 types They are Cholinergic receptors
N1 - on skeleton muscle
N2- on ganglion that then sends off postganglionic neurons
Types of Muscarinic receptors? were are they located?
they are cholinergic receptors
3 types
M1-M3 on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
M3 also on sweat glands
What is an adrenergic receptor? what is it stim by
Alpha 1,2, and beta 1,2
stim by ACh
What type of receptors does ACh stim? what receptors does NE stim?
ACh stim M & N (cholinergic)
NE stim Alpha and Beta (adrenergic)
What are the 3 big reasons why there is drug side effects due to cholinergenic and adrenegic receptors?
drugs specific to one receptor will bind to of those receptors in body
No drug is entirely specific to one receptor subtype
tissue have multiple types of receptors not just one type (there is a predominate one)
what does a indirect-acting cholinergic drug do?
inhibit ACh esterase -> so more ACh stays in the synaptic cleft
this drug is non-specific to N or M though
what does a direct-acting cholinergic drug do?
minics ACh or inc the prd of Ach to stim N & M receptors
