Neuro Part 2 Flashcards
Describe the structures on the dorsal brainstem in order from rostral to caudal.
- pineal body
- superior colliculi
- inferior colliculi
- superior cerebellar peduncles
- middle cerebellar peduncles
What is the role of the pineal gland?
it is involved in melatonin secretion according to circadian rhythms
What is the function of the superior colliculi?
it is the conjugate vertical gaze center
What is the function of the inferior colliculi?
it is a relay station for auditory information
What is Parinaud syndrome?
paralysis of the conjugate vertical tase due to lesions of the superior colliculi (e.g. stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma)
Which cranial nerves are organized more medially and which are located more laterally?
- medial: motor nuclei
- lateral: sensory nuclei
Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the midbrain?
CN III and IV
Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the pons?
CN V, VI, VII, and VIII
Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the medulla?
CN IX, X, XII
Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the spinal cord?
CN XI
What is the cribriform plate?
the medial portion of the anterior cranial fossa though which olfactory nerves extend
What is the optic canal?
a foramen in the middle cranial fossa (sphenoid bone) through which CN II and the ophthalmic artery pass
What is the superior orbital fissure?
a foramen in the middle cranial fossa through which CN III, IV, V1, and VI pass
What is the foramen rotundum?
a foramen in the middle cranial fossa through which CN V2 passes
What is the foramen ovale?
a foramen in the middle cranial fossa through which CN V3 passes
What is the foramen spinous?
a foramen just behind the sphenoid in the middle cranial fossa through which the middle meningeal artery passes
What is the internal auditory meatus?
a foramen in the posterior cranial fossa through which CN VII and VIII pass
What is the jugular foramen?
a foramen lateral to the foramen magnum and hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa through which CN IX, X, and XI pass
What is the hypoglossal canal?
a foramen in the posterior cranial fossa, just lateral to the foramen magnum, through which CN XII passes
What is the foramen magnum?
a foramen in the posterior cranial fossa through which the brainstem extends
What is the function of CN III?
- most eye movements and eyelid opening by action of the elevator palpebrae via the oculomotor nucleus
- parasympathetic innervation of the eye (accommodation and pupillary constriction) via the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
What is the function of CN IV?
control of the superior oblique muscle of the eye
What is the function of CN V?
control muscles of mastication, somatosensation from the anterior ⅔ of the tongue, and facial sensation
What is the function of CN VI?
control of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye