Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurosurgery Board Review > Neuro-oncology > Flashcards

Neuro-oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common primary brain tumor

A

Astrocytoma, of which grade IV (GBM) is the most malignant type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Location of ependymomas

A

Occur anywhere throughout the ventricular system or spinal canal, but is particularly common in the 4th ventricle and cauda equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Uncommon cause of hydrocephalus due to excessive CSF production

A

Choroid plexus papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common location of PNETs

A

Commonly infrantentorially in children, where they are called medulloblastomas and found in the cerebellar vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Two common histopathological characteristics of meningiomas

A

Whorls of meningothelial and spindle cells, calcified psammoma bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common locations of hemangioblastomas

A

Cerebellar parenchyma or spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

A

Cerebellar or spinal cord hemangioblastomas with similar tumors in the retina and cystic lesions in the pancreas and kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common location of primary CNS lymphoma

A

Forms around periventricular parenchymal blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tumor marker for metastatic carcinoma

A

Cytokeratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tumor marker for neuronal tumors

A

Synaptophysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Extrinsic tumors found in the posterior fossa

A

Schwannoma (VIII, V), meningioma, epidermoid/dermoid cyst, arachnoid cyst, mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intrinsic tumors found in the posterior fossa

A

Mets, hemangioblastoma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common primary cerebellar tumor in adults

A

Hemangioblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Imaging characteristics of hemangioblastomas

A

Strongly enhancing solid tumor in the cerebellum or a tumor nodule lying in the wall of a well defined cystic lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common location of medulloblastoma

A

Arise in the cerebellar vermis and usually extend into the 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Imaging characteristics of medulloblastoma

A

Isodense midline lesion in the cerebellar vermis, compressing and displacing the 4th ventricle and enhancing strongly with contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most common location of cerebellar astrocytoma

A

Usually lie in the cerebellar hemisphere or vermis but occasionally extend through a peduncle into the brain stem

Many have cystic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Imaging characteristics of cerebellar astrocytoma

A

Often a low density cystic area abuts or encircles the tumor mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common location of epidermoid/dermoid cysts

A

Commonly found in the posterior fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Imaging characteristics of meningiomas

A

On T1 MRI - isointense with brain and diffusely enhance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common primary tumors with hemorrhage

A

GMB, oligodendroglioma, pituitary adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most common metastatic tumors with hemorrhage

A

Lung, melanoma, thyroid, renal, choriocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pneumonic for hemorrhagic tumors

A

CT MRB

Choriocarcinoma, thyroid, melanoma, renal, breast/bronchogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pneumonic for ring-enhancing lesions

A

Magic Dr. L

Mets, abscess, GBM, infarct, cyst, demyelinating, radiation, lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Most common malignant brain tumor in children
Medulloblastoma
26
Medulloblastoma characteristics on CT scan
Hyperdense
27
Syndromes associated with medulloblastoma
Gorlin syndrome, Turcot syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome
28
Gorlin syndrome
Autosomal dominant condition characterized by basal cell carcinoma, skeletal abnormalities, and microcephaly
29
Turcot syndrome
Increased risk of colorectal cancers and medulloblastoma
30
Ataxia telangiectasia
Autosomal recessive disorder Patients are at a higher risk for hematologic and breast cancer in addition to medulloblastoma
31
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Autosomal dominant disorder Patients are at a higher risk for cancers of the breast, bone, soft tissue, brain, blood and adrenal cortex
32
Common imaging characteristics of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA)
Discrete cystic lesions with an enhancing mural nodule that tend to occur in the cerebellar hemisphere, optic nerve, hypothalamus, and brainstem
33
Associations of optic nerve JPAs and well-differentiated astrocytomas
NF type II
34
Characteristics of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas
Astrocytic neoplasms found in young adults with a long history of seizures Usually superficial in the cerebral cortex and may consist of a mural nodule associated with a cyst
35
Characteristics of oligodendroglial tumors
Most present in young adult with onset of seizures Calcifications are typical
36
Common location and presentation of ependymal tumors
Floor of the 4th ventricle and presents with increased ICP (nausea, vomiting, headache, gait ataxia, diplopia, vertigo)
37
Important workup for ependymymas
Neuro-axis imaging for drop mets
38
Treatment of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas
Surgery alone
39
Common location for myxopapillary ependymomas
Conus or filum terminale of the spinal cord
40
Common locations for choroid plexus tumors
In children less than 2, they are usually located in the lateral ventricles In adults, the usually occur in the 4th ventricle, foramen of Luschka or CPA
41
Characteristics of gangliocytoma
Primarily supratentorial with the most common location being the temporal lobe Majority present in the first 2 decades of life
42
Symptoms of Parinaud's syndrome
Pupillary mydriasis, paralysis of upgaze, and convergence retractorius
43
Characteristics of neuroblastoma
Arises in deep cerebral hemispheres of young children (
44
Imaging characteristics of spinal neurofibromas
Dumbbell appearance when they extend across the neuroforamena
45
Most common intradural, extramedullary tumors
Meningiomas, nerve sheath tumors, and filum terminale ependymomas
46
Dumbbell appearance of intradural, extramedullary tumors
Schwannomas (69%) and neurofibromas (12%)
47
DDx for benign, extradural tumors
Hemangioma, enchondroma/chondroma, osteochondroma, osteoma/osteoblastoma
48
DDx for malignant, extradural tumors
Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, Ewing sarcoma, Giant cell, plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma
49
DDx for intradural, extramedullary tumors
Meningioma, Schwannoma, neurofibroma, filum terminale ependymoma
50
DDx for intradural, intramedullary tumors
Astrocytoma, ependymoma, hemangioblastoma
51
Most common spinal cord tumor in the pediatric population
Astrocytomas
52
Intramedullary tumors that may have an associated syringomyelia
Ependymomas, followed by hemangioblastomas and cavernomas
53
Gene locus and gene affected in NF1.
17q11 NF1 gene
54
Gene locus and gene affected in NF2.
22q12 NF2 gene
55
Gene locus and gene affected in tuberous sclerosis.
9q34/16p13 TSC1 and TSC2 genes
56
Gene locus and gene affected in von Hippel-Lindau.
3p25 VHL gene
57
Gene locus and gene affected in Li-Fraumeni syndrome
17p13 TP53 gene
58
Gene locus and gene affected in Gorlin syndrome
9q22 PTCH gene
59
Gene locus and gene affected in Turcot syndrome
5q21 APC gene
60
Gene locus and gene affected in Cowden disease.
10q23 PTEN gene
61
Gene locus and gene affected in MEN1.
11q13 MEN1 gene
62
Gene locus and gene affected in rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome.
22q11 SMARCB1 gene.
63
CNS neoplasms seen in NF1.
Neurofibroma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, optic nerve glioma, meningioma.
64
CNS neoplasms seen in NF2.
Scwhannoma, meningioma, ependymoma.
65
CNS neoplasms seen in tuberous sclerosis.
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.
66
CNS neoplasms seen in von Hippel-Lindau.
Hemangioblastoma.
67
CNS neoplasms seen in Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Glioma.
68
CNS neoplasms seen in Gorlin syndrome.
Medulloblastoma.
69
CNS neoplasms seen in Turcot syndrome.
Astrocytoma, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma.
70
CNS neoplasms seen in Cowden disease.
Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum.
71
CNS neoplasms seen in MEN1.
Pituitary adenoma.

Neurosurgery Board Review (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions