Neuro - Neurological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is primary damage in head injuries

A

initial damage, direct injuries
result of a force applied to the head
tissue and vascular damage

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2
Q

What is secondary damage in head injuries

A

Result of hypoxia & decreased perfusion, cerebral edema, infection, hemorrhage
Brain’s response - swelling and decreased perfusion –> hypoxia –> swelling –> decreased perfusion

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3
Q

Initial response to bruising

A

vasodilation and increased blood flow to the are of injury
pressure surrounding injury site
Increased intracerebral pressure –> decreased blood flow
edema develops over a period of hours (late sign)

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4
Q

How does a normal functioning brain work

A

adjust blood flow to your needs
the O2 and CO2 levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (chemoreceptors) will base how It functions

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5
Q

what will decreased level of CO2 do?

A

will cause hypoventilation, then cerebral vasoconstriction and cerebral ischemia (hypoxia)

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6
Q

what will increased level of CO2 do?

A

will cause hyperventilation, vasodilation and edema (hypoxia)

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7
Q

Normal intracranial pressure

A

5-15mmHg

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8
Q

Pressure inside of brain is a result of what?

A

brain tissues, blood and CSF

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9
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

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10
Q

CPP

A

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

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11
Q

what is CPP

A

pressure needed to maintain blood flow to the brain (70-80 MM HG), no less than 60

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12
Q

MAP

A

Mean Arterial Pressure (70-100 mmHg) < 60 deadly to organs

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13
Q

what’s the equation for CPP

A

CPP= MAP - ICP

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14
Q

when does blood flow stop?

A

when ICP = MAP

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15
Q

what are early sings of ICP

A

CSF shifts to spinal cavity
decrease cerebral blood flow
effective for small periods time until hypoxic
hypoxia triggers vasodilation in brain (attempt to improve blood supply) –> adds fluid volume
B/c of ^ ICP is elevated before sings are apparent

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16
Q

what are early symptoms of ICP

A

Severe headache
projectile vomiting
papilledema (swelling of optic disc and ICP)
seizures
will increase in severity until ICP is controlled