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Neuro - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What system has involuntary activity

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

What system is voluntary

A

Somatic Nervous System

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3
Q

What protects the brain

A

The skull
Meninges
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

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4
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue membranes in the Meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

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5
Q

Dura Mater

A

Outer Layer og meninges
Tough, fibrous, double layered membrane
Forms dural sinuses

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6
Q

What does the dural sinuses do

A

collect venous blood and CSF for return to the general circulation

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7
Q

Subdural Space

A

lies beneath the dura
normally empty, can fill with blood after an injury

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8
Q

Arachnoic space

A

Middler Layer
Losose web like covering

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9
Q

Sub Arachnoid space

A

contains CSF, cerebral arteries and veins
lies below arachniod

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10
Q

Pia Mater

A

Inner Layer
delicate connective tissue
contains many small blood vessels

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11
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid
priced cushion for the brain and spinal cord
circulates around the brain and eventually returns to the venue sblood
maintain normal pressures (ICP)

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12
Q

What is a Blood Brain Barrier

A

Protective mechanism
limits the passage of potentially damaging materials

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13
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A

make up largest portion of brain
2 hemispheres separated by a fissure

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14
Q

what are the 4 major lobes in the hemisphere

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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15
Q

What does the dominant hemisphere control?

A

Language

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16
Q

2 special areas involved in language?

A

Broca’s area - motor/ability to talk (base of the left frontal lobe)
Wernicke’s Area - comprehends language (posterior temporal lobe)

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17
Q

Limbis System

A

In the cerebral hemispheres
Collection of structures
Responsible for emotional reactions and feelings

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18
Q

Diencephalon

A

contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

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19
Q

Thalamus

A

its a sorting and relay station for incoming sensory impulses

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20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis (body temp, intake of food & fluid and regulation of sleep cycles)
regulate libido

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21
Q

What’s in the brain stem

A

Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Reticular Activating System (RAS)

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22
Q

Pons

A

contains afferent (incoming) and efferent (outgoing) fibers

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23
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

regulate resp and cardio function

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24
Q

RAS

A

decides which of the incoming sensory impulses the brain ignores or notices

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25
Cerebellum
coordinate movement and maintain posture and equilibrium
26
How does blood get to the brain
By the internal carotid and vertebral arteries - Once blood is oxygenated, venous blood from the brain collects in the dural sinuses and then drains into the jugular veins to be returned to the heart
27
Circle of Willis
Supplies blood to the brain ensures blood flow remains unimpeded in case of any of the principal supplies are damaged
28
What's part of the Circle of Willis
Middle cerebral Ophthalmic Internal Carotid Basilar Vertebral Anterior communicating Anterior Cerebral Posterior Communication Posterior cerebral
29
What are the 12 Cranial Nerves
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal
30
Olfactory
Smell Sensory nerve
31
Optic
Vision Sensory nerve
32
Oculomotor
Eye movement (including eyelids) Motor nerve
33
Tochlear
Eye movement Motor nerve
34
Trigeminal
General Sensory (eye, nose, face or oral cavity, teeth) Speech muscles Both (sensory and motor)
35
Abducens
Eye movement Motor nerve
36
Facial
Taste, muscles of facial expression, scalp muscles Both (sensory and motor)
37
Vestibulocochlear
Hearing and balance Sensory nerve
38
Glossopharyngeal
Taste, gag reflex Both (sensory and motor)
39
Vagus
external ear, parts of taste, heart and lungs smooth muscles, glands of GI system, Diaphragm Both (sensory and motor)
40
Spinal Accessory
voluntary muscles of pharynx head movement Motor nerves
41
Hypoglossal
muscles of the tongue Motor nerve
42
Spinal Cord
Starts at the medulla oblongata and ends at the 1st lumbar vertebra nerves that innervate the skeletal muscles
43
Cauda equina
bundle of nerve root past 1st lumbar
44
what does the ascending tracts do?
relay information from the skeletal to the brain
45
what does the descending tracts do?
movement goes from brain to the muscles (Look at photo on slide 36 of week 11)
46
Spine breakdown
Cervical - C1-7 Thoracic T1-12 Lumbar L1-5 Sacral - S1-5 Coccyx - 4
47
Dermatones
innervate at the skin level can be mapped on body to determine where damage occurred to the spinal cord (Look at slide 39 to week 11 for map)
48
how may pairs of spinal nerves are there? What do they do?
31 located in the spinal column they carry motor and sensory fibres to and from the organs and tissues
49
Reflexes
automatic, rapid, involuntary responses to a stimulus
50
Neurons
cells that conduct impulses throughout the CNS and PNS requires glucose and O2 for metabolism
51
What are the part of a neuron
Dendrite Cell body Axon Myelin Sheath Nodes of Ranvier
52
Dendrites
conducts the impulse towards the body
53
Axon
impulses away from the cell body towards the effector sit or connecting neuron
54
myelin sheath
insulates fibers speeds up the rate of condition
55
Impulse Transmission *
Impulses are transmitted from cell to cell via chemical neurotransmitters Involves presynaptic and postsynaptic synapses For impulses to travel along, the released chemical flows across the cleft to the receiving receptor Different chemicals do different things (look at slide 44 week 11)
56
Types of chemical neurotransmitters *
Acetylcholine Norepi/Epinephrine Dopamine Serotonin
57
Acetylcholine
chief neruotransmitter in PNS
58
Norepi/Epinephrine
neurotransmitter in SNS Causes vasoconstriction and increases HR
59
Dopamine
cycle of motivation, reward and reinforcement releases when body is expecting reward
60
Serotonin
mood, sexual desire and function, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temp regulation and social behavior
61
SNS
fight or flight stress increases level of activity (cardio, resp and neurologic functions) release of Ach , Epi and norepi
62
PNS
slows RR, HR constricts pupils dominates digestive system Aids in recovery after sympathetic stimulation innervated by vagus nerve active chemical neurotransmitters is Ach

Paramedic (7 decks)

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