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Paramedic > Neuro - Nervous System > Flashcards

Neuro - Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What system has involuntary activity

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

What system is voluntary

A

Somatic Nervous System

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3
Q

What protects the brain

A

The skull
Meninges
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

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4
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue membranes in the Meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

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5
Q

Dura Mater

A

Outer Layer og meninges
Tough, fibrous, double layered membrane
Forms dural sinuses

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6
Q

What does the dural sinuses do

A

collect venous blood and CSF for return to the general circulation

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7
Q

Subdural Space

A

lies beneath the dura
normally empty, can fill with blood after an injury

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8
Q

Arachnoic space

A

Middler Layer
Losose web like covering

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9
Q

Sub Arachnoid space

A

contains CSF, cerebral arteries and veins
lies below arachniod

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10
Q

Pia Mater

A

Inner Layer
delicate connective tissue
contains many small blood vessels

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11
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid
priced cushion for the brain and spinal cord
circulates around the brain and eventually returns to the venue sblood
maintain normal pressures (ICP)

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12
Q

What is a Blood Brain Barrier

A

Protective mechanism
limits the passage of potentially damaging materials

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13
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A

make up largest portion of brain
2 hemispheres separated by a fissure

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14
Q

what are the 4 major lobes in the hemisphere

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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15
Q

What does the dominant hemisphere control?

A

Language

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16
Q

2 special areas involved in language?

A

Broca’s area - motor/ability to talk (base of the left frontal lobe)
Wernicke’s Area - comprehends language (posterior temporal lobe)

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17
Q

Limbis System

A

In the cerebral hemispheres
Collection of structures
Responsible for emotional reactions and feelings

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18
Q

Diencephalon

A

contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

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19
Q

Thalamus

A

its a sorting and relay station for incoming sensory impulses

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20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis (body temp, intake of food & fluid and regulation of sleep cycles)
regulate libido

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21
Q

What’s in the brain stem

A

Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Reticular Activating System (RAS)

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22
Q

Pons

A

contains afferent (incoming) and efferent (outgoing) fibers

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23
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

regulate resp and cardio function

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24
Q

RAS

A

decides which of the incoming sensory impulses the brain ignores or notices

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinate movement and maintain posture and equilibrium

26
Q

How does blood get to the brain

A

By the internal carotid and vertebral arteries
- Once blood is oxygenated, venous blood from the brain collects in the dural sinuses and then drains into the jugular veins to be returned to the heart

27
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Supplies blood to the brain
ensures blood flow remains unimpeded in case of any of the principal supplies are damaged

28
Q

What’s part of the Circle of Willis

A

Middle cerebral
Ophthalmic
Internal Carotid
Basilar
Vertebral
Anterior communicating
Anterior Cerebral
Posterior Communication
Posterior cerebral

29
Q

What are the 12 Cranial Nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal

30
Q

Olfactory

A

Smell
Sensory nerve

31
Q

Optic

A

Vision
Sensory nerve

32
Q

Oculomotor

A

Eye movement (including eyelids)
Motor nerve

33
Q

Tochlear

A

Eye movement
Motor nerve

34
Q

Trigeminal

A

General Sensory (eye, nose, face or oral cavity, teeth)
Speech muscles
Both (sensory and motor)

35
Q

Abducens

A

Eye movement
Motor nerve

36
Q

Facial

A

Taste, muscles of facial expression, scalp muscles
Both (sensory and motor)

37
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

Hearing and balance
Sensory nerve

38
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

Taste, gag reflex
Both (sensory and motor)

39
Q

Vagus

A

external ear, parts of taste, heart and lungs smooth muscles, glands of GI system, Diaphragm
Both (sensory and motor)

40
Q

Spinal Accessory

A

voluntary muscles of pharynx
head movement
Motor nerves

41
Q

Hypoglossal

A

muscles of the tongue
Motor nerve

42
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Starts at the medulla oblongata and ends at the 1st lumbar vertebra
nerves that innervate the skeletal muscles

43
Q

Cauda equina

A

bundle of nerve root past 1st lumbar

44
Q

what does the ascending tracts do?

A

relay information from the skeletal to the brain

45
Q

what does the descending tracts do?

A

movement
goes from brain to the muscles
(Look at photo on slide 36 of week 11)

46
Q

Spine breakdown

A

Cervical - C1-7
Thoracic T1-12
Lumbar L1-5
Sacral - S1-5
Coccyx - 4

47
Q

Dermatones

A

innervate at the skin level
can be mapped on body to determine where damage occurred to the spinal cord
(Look at slide 39 to week 11 for map)

48
Q

how may pairs of spinal nerves are there?
What do they do?

A

31 located in the spinal column
they carry motor and sensory fibres to and from the organs and tissues

49
Q

Reflexes

A

automatic, rapid, involuntary responses to a stimulus

50
Q

Neurons

A

cells that conduct impulses throughout the CNS and PNS
requires glucose and O2 for metabolism

51
Q

What are the part of a neuron

A

Dendrite
Cell body
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Nodes of Ranvier

52
Q

Dendrites

A

conducts the impulse towards the body

53
Q

Axon

A

impulses away from the cell body towards the effector sit or connecting neuron

54
Q

myelin sheath

A

insulates fibers
speeds up the rate of condition

55
Q

Impulse Transmission *

A

Impulses are transmitted from cell to cell via chemical neurotransmitters
Involves presynaptic and postsynaptic synapses
For impulses to travel along, the released chemical flows across the cleft to the receiving receptor
Different chemicals do different things
(look at slide 44 week 11)

56
Q

Types of chemical neurotransmitters *

A

Acetylcholine
Norepi/Epinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin

57
Q

Acetylcholine

A

chief neruotransmitter in PNS

58
Q

Norepi/Epinephrine

A

neurotransmitter in SNS
Causes vasoconstriction and increases HR

59
Q

Dopamine

A

cycle of motivation, reward and reinforcement
releases when body is expecting reward

60
Q

Serotonin

A

mood, sexual desire and function, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temp regulation and social behavior

61
Q

SNS

A

fight or flight
stress
increases level of activity (cardio, resp and neurologic functions)
release of Ach , Epi and norepi

62
Q

PNS

A

slows RR, HR
constricts pupils
dominates digestive system
Aids in recovery after sympathetic stimulation
innervated by vagus nerve
active chemical neurotransmitters is Ach

Paramedic (7 decks)

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