Neuro K 3

Question 1

What is a benign essential tremor?

Answer 1

Progressive, bilateral, largely symmetric postural tremor of the upper extremities that is not associated with other symptoms

Question 2

How to treat benign essential tumor?

Answer 2

propranolol–a non-selective beta-agonist and primidone, a barbituate analog

Question 3

Huntingtons disease is associated with degneration of what kind of neurons?

Answer 3

GABAergic neurons in the caudate nucleus

Question 4

Viral encephalitis clinical features

Answer 4

• Fever, headache, mental status changes often progressing to coma; focal neurological defects may also be present
• Typical cerebrospinal fluid parameters include elevated lymphocytes, normal glucose, and elevated proteins

Question 5

When are arthropod borne encephalitis most common?

Answer 5

During summer months

Question 6

Subfalcine herniation occurs when part of one cerebral hemisphere herniates under the ____. What is most often affected?

Answer 6

falx; cingulate gyrus is affected

Question 7

Most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis in the US?

Answer 7

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1–localized in temporal lobes—see Cowdry type A inclusens in neurons and glia

Question 8

Craniopharyngioma

Answer 8

derived from odontogenic epithelium (remnants of Rathke pouch)
present in children under 10 years of age
Symptoms due to encroachment on pituitary stalk or optic chiasm

Question 9

Wilms tumor presentation

Answer 9

relatively common pediatric malignancy
classically presents as painless, palpable abdominal mass that does not cross the midline, aniridia, genitourinary malformation, metnal and motor retardation (WAGR); in contrast a neuroblastoma is similar but CROSSES the midline and presents with hypertension and hematuria

Question 10

Treatment for Wilms tumor and side effects

Answer 10

• vinca alkaloids including vincristine and vinblastine
• Vincristine is associated with neurotoxicity such as peripheral neuropathy causing foot drop, areflexia, sensory loss, numbness and tingling, constapation and alopecia

Question 11

Vincristine and vinblastine MOA

Answer 11

act on microtubules to inhibit spindle formation during mitosis, arresting dividing cells in M phase

Question 12

Arrythmia causing drugs

Answer 12

amitripyline and drugs that increase the QT interval

Question 13

doxorubicins associated with what bad side effect?

Answer 13

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 14

drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 14

bleomycin–acts by generating free radicals to trigger DNA strand scission;
also caused by busulfan and amiodarone tx side effects

Question 15

Lacunar stroke results in what kind of deficit due to what?

Answer 15

pure motor deficit due to posterior limb of internal capsule

Question 16

Stroke of posterior limb of internal capsule clinical features

Answer 16

upper motor neuron signs of the contralateral body–spastic paresis, hyperreflexia, babinski sign and to contralateral face (lower face, sparing forehead)