Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro 210 > neuro introduction > Flashcards

neuro introduction Flashcards

1
Q

what is clinical neuroscience?

A

the scientific study of disorder and disease of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

clinical neurosceince is the combination of which three overlapping disciplines?

A

neurology
psychiatry
neuroscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is neurology?

A

medical specialty encompassing diseases, conditions and infections of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what parts of the body does neurology study?

A

brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neurology is associated with what kind of changes in the nervous system? are they obvious?

A

physical changes; yes! can see and identify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is psychiatry?

A

medical specialty encompassing the diagnosis treatment and prevention of mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what kind of disorders does psychiatry cover?

A

addiction and substance use disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

psychiatry is associated with what kind of changes in the nervous system? are they obvious?

A

physical changes; no! not obvious and cannot be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is neuroscience?

A

scientific study of the brain and nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the possible divisions of neuroscience?

A

molecular
cellular
cognitive
psychophysics
computational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are changes in neuroscience able to be seen and identified?

A

sometimes! include both inorganic (cannot be seen) and organic (can be seen) causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in the 17th century, what did scholars begin looking at?

A

scientific study of the brain and nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

from the 19th and 20th century, what did the scientific studies of the brain and nervous system seperate into?

A

neurology and psychiatry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what did psychiatry create the study of?

A

neuroscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when did clinical neuroscience become a study?

A

21st century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in approximately 300BC, what was the early idea of brain function?

A

the brain is the major controlling center of the body, not the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in 350BC, what did aristotle think the brain did?

A

cool the passions of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

in approximately 100BC, what was the early idea of brain function? what dominant theorist proposed this?

A

galen introduced the idea of spirits (pneumata) circulating between the liver, heart, and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what did galen think was in the brain, and not the heart?

A

seat of the “rational soul”
- brain is the centre for perceptions and actions

20
Q

how long did galen’s ideas dominate in thinking about brain function?

A

1500 years

21
Q

who was al-zahrawi, when his theories dominated, and what did he create the first description of?

A

pioneer of neruosurgery from 936-1013; surgery to relieve hydrocephalus

22
Q

who was avicenna, when his theories dominated, and what was his early identification of?

A

father of modern medicine from 980-1037; schizophrenia

23
Q

who was andreus vesalius, when did his theories dominate, and what did he discover?

A

founded modern medicine by dissecting humans from 1514-1564; critical features of galen’s anatomy were correct, and did not look at the brain

24
Q

who was rene descartes, when did his theories dominate, and what did he recognize?

A

focussed on perceptions of the outside world from 1596-1650; existence of reflexes

25
Q

what were the three major concepts promotes by descartes?

A
  1. only humans has a thinking mind
  2. dualism
  3. mind and body interact in the pinneal gland
26
Q

if descrates thought that only humans have a thinking mind, what did he think animals were?

A

complex stimulus-response machines

27
Q

what is dualism?

A

mind and body are separate

28
Q

were the three major concepts promoted by descartes true?

A

no! they were all false

29
Q

during what time period did scientific thinking flourish?

A

the renaissance

30
Q

the renaissance was driven by the idea that..?

A

natural laws can explain the workings of the material world

31
Q

when did luigi galvanti’s theories dominate, and what did he obtain indirect evidence for?

A

1737-1798; intrinsic electrical activity in the nervous system (remove spirits to replace with electrical impulses)

32
Q

who was the founder of modern neurology and the first neuroscientist?

A

jean-martin charcot

33
Q

what did charcot carefully examined the ________ _______ in _______________

A

nervous system; postmortems (people with organic disease)

34
Q

charcot described and classified many disorders, these include?

A

multiple sclerosis
parkinson’s
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

35
Q

when did santiago ramon cajal theories dominate and what did he discover?

A

1852-1934; structure of individual nerve cells + unidirectional flow of information along nerve cells

36
Q

when did charles sherrington’s theories dominate and what did he recognize in behaviour?

A

1857-1952; behaviour could be explained by networks of neurons

37
Q

charles sherrington stressed the idea that?

A

complex behaviour could be reduced to simpler components

38
Q

what did charles sherrington discover, and what term did he introduce?

A

inhibition of the nervous system; synapse

39
Q

who was ivan pavlov, when did his theories dominate, and what did he discover?

A

founding of biopsychology from 1849-1936; set the stage for the study or brain behaviour relationships

40
Q

who was b.f. skinner, when did his theories dominate, and what did he study?

A

behaviourist from 1904-1990; process of human memory and disorders

41
Q

what did b.f. skinner develop to study memory?

A

skinner box: reinforces after delivering a desired response to get closer to the target behaviour, and punishing wrong responses. shapes behaviour

42
Q

who the neuroscientists after WWII?

A

rita levi-montalcini, brenda milner, and ben barres

43
Q

what did rita levi-montalcin identify?

A

NGF as critical for neuronal survival and outgrowth

44
Q

what did brenda milner identify?

A

hippocampus for the formation of memory

45
Q

what did ben barres identify?

A

foundational studies on the importance of glia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes for proper CNS function

neuro 210 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions