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Paeds > Neuro / Inf / Derm / Haem / ENT > Flashcards

Neuro / Inf / Derm / Haem / ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Seizures - important questions to ask in history

A

Prodrome - N+V / dizzy / temp / pale / confusion
During - Twitching / duration / incontinence
Post - Confusion / cognition diminished / memory?

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2
Q

non epileptic causes of seizure

A

Hyperthermia (Febrile) / Hypoglyc / head inj / stroke / brain surgery

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3
Q

febrile temp - ? / most comm age / important to exclude? / T if severe

A

seizure caused by severly elevated temp
most commonly aged 3 months –> 3 years old

Exclude Meningitis! (neck stiff etc) and encephalitis

if seizure lasts >5 mins then refer to hosp and give anticonvulsants and diazepam

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4
Q

neonatal hypotonia - CF / C

A

when pulling to sitting by arms, head/neck lag obvious + when baby lain prone over hand, back isnt straight

CF - no neck control / limp feeling / non-weight bearing / decrease suckling / weak cry

C - cerebral palsy, meningitis, prematurity

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5
Q

Initial SIgns of Meningitis

A

Gastroent / cry / convulsions / apnoea / bulging fontanelles / head retraction

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6
Q

Gait abnorm examples

A

Trendel - perthes, slipped upper fem , dev dysplasia
high step - spina bif, polio, charcot-marie tooth
spastic - diplegic/quadriplegic

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7
Q

what categories should developmental delay be split into?

A

genetic, pre, peri and post natal insults

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8
Q

signs of increased ICP and people at risk

A

RF - head injuries / suspected neuro inf / intra cranial mass

CF - bulging fontanelle, headache, vomiting, focal, change behaviour, diplopia, squint

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9
Q

if Hb down (anaemic) in kids, what is important to ask?

A

diet, travel, ethnicity (hereditary causes)

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10
Q

DDx of anaemia in kids

A

ICD, thalassaemia, folate or b12 low, haemolytic conditions, bone marrow failure

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11
Q

important Investigations

A

FBC (WCC) ESR up(chronic dis), Blood film + reticulocytes

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12
Q

hereditary/congen haemolytic conditions

A

GSTEPS (spherocytosis most common in N euro)

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13
Q

cause of child with bruising

A

NAI (always suspect), sepsis, major haem, DIC, coag disorder, HS Purp

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14
Q

hints for NAI

A

cluster bruises, bruises away from bony prominences

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15
Q

causes of lymphadenopathy

A

Malignant - ALL/AML, lymphoma, Hodgkins, neuroblastoma
Infecton - TB, viral inf (CMV,EBV,HIV), bact lymphadenitis
AI - sarcoid, SLE, kawasakis

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16
Q

Tox Erythro Necrolysis

A

life threatening, skin detachment, linked to drug reaction

17
Q

steven johnson syn

A

drug reaction, hypersensitivity, can lead to TEN

18
Q

erythema multiform

A

hypersens to drugs, less severe than SJS

19
Q

urctaria

A

histamine release, can be chronic (>6 weeks), many diff causes

20
Q

molluscum contagiosum

A

viral, spread direct contact, look like red shiny nodular moles

21
Q

scabies

A

burrows, infestation, worse at night, widespread

22
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

christmas tree rash on back

23
Q

kawasaki’s - CF

A

Fever >5 days, irritable, eye involvment, infalmed lips, cerv lymphadenopathy, widespread rash + cheeks red

24
Q

rubella

A

viral / fever / rash differs in appearance

25
Q

measles

A

self limting in adults / viral / many red patches (not nodular)

26
Q

hen scholen purp

A

non blanching rash + joint pain

27
Q

scarlet fever - ? / CF / C / I / T

A 
bacterial infection
CF - fever rash (sandpaper cheeks and chest), sore throat, strawberry tongue
C - group A beta strep
I - rapid strep test
T - pen V
28
Q

if GCS is used in adults, what is used in kids and at what age?

A

if under 4 years, use Childrens coma scale.

29
Q

negative signs following head injury

A

feeding down, hard to waken, irritable, anything out of the normal

30
Q

indications for CT head in child?

A

suspected NAI, post seizure (+no hx of epilepsy), decreased GCS, openskull fx, focal neuro def

31
Q

immediate treatment of burns

A

ABCDE
maintain fluids + check UO
make warm
analgesia

32
Q

port wine stain - CF / prog / assoc triad / T

A

thick red patch
persists through life and grows proportionately

assoc with Stuge-Webber syn (Glaucoma, port wine face, brain abnorm)

T - laser

33
Q

who gets mongolian spots?

A

asian and afro american babies

34
Q

Staph scalded skin synd - ? / CF / T

A

Staph Aur infection
CF - blisters (large and PAINFUL), tender erythema, fever, conjunctivitis, irritable

T - can be life threatening, give IV ABxs

35
Q

Meningitis in kids - Assoc cond / I / T / complications

A

assoc cond - ottitis media / purpura (menigococcal)

I - LP, FBC, BM, CUltures
T - empirical :

Neonate = ecoli and Beta heam strep most common so CEPHALOSPORIN + BEN PEN / 3 weeks

> 3 months = Menigococcus/ pneumococcus most com
high dose AMPICILLAN/ 10 days

comp - seizures, cerebral oedema, hyponatraemia, deafness, drug fever, mental handicap

36
Q

signs of immunodef hx and exam

A

CF - recurrent infection, failure to thrive, PCP or CMV infections, haematological insuff (Hb or pltelets), neuro signs

o/e - pale, distended abdo, chronic cough, rashes, hepatosplenomeg, anal crusting (indicates chronic diarr)

37
Q

most common form deafness in kids (congenitally)

A

sensori-neural

38
Q

Causes deafness in kids - Acquired and Congen

A

Acquired:
Pre Natal - TORCH
Peri N - SCBU babies suffering hypoxia/jaundice/ certain ABxs

Post - Meningitis / Head Inj / ototoxic drugs

Congen:
syndrome related or non-syn related (AR mutated gene)
x-linked - turners/alports

39
Q

screening and testing hearing in neonates

A

within first hours of life: Otoacoustic emissions + audioligical responses

6-18 months - distraction testing
2-4 years - conditioned response audiometry
5+ years - pure tone audiogram

Paeds (12 decks)

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