GI Flashcards
Causes of acute and chronic vomiting and what age they commonly occur (and important exclusion questions)
Acute - Hirschprung (neonate) Uti/pneumo/ear inf (both?) Gastroent (both) appendicitis/hernia/intussussesption (child) overfeeding (both?)
Chronic - pyloric stenosis (neonate) cyclical vomiting (child) Food int (both) GORD (both)
important questions
bilous vomiting / projectile / feeding / weight change / fever
Causes acute and chronic Diarrohoea
Acute - Infection (bacteria/ viral (rota/entero) staph toxin in food starvation surgical (intuss / hirschprungs) - will present with other signs!
Chronic -
NORMAL GROWTH = toddlers diarr/ post gastroent food intol
LOW GROWTH = IBD / malabsorption (CF/ coeliacs)
other - IBS/ Haem Uraem Syn / Faecal overflow from constip
Treatment of Diarr
Stops all bottles and solid feeds + start rehydration mix (diorlyte). then restart normal milk mix > 24 hours
Acute and chronic constipation causes
Acute -
Imperforate anus / meconium ileus / hirschprungs
Chronic - 95% will be functional ( hard stool / too low fibre / small rectum) food intolerance sexual abuse musc dystrophy
Clinical Signs of diarr
decrease skin turgor / dry mouth / slack fontanelles / tachy HR+RR / mottled / sunken eyes / hypotension
Causes of acute and chronic abdo pain
Acute - Infection (gastroent / uti / acute hepatitis) constipation accute appendicitis volvulus/intuss testis torsion / ovaries torsion inguin hernia
Chronic - GORD crohns peptic ulcer gastritis/duodenitis
causes of abdo dist in kids
AIR / FLUID / SOLID / Cyst
Air - faecal impaction / malabsorption
Fluid - CCF/ nephrotic syn
Solid - Wilms / neuroblastoma
Cyst - PCKD
wilms tumor - ?
tumor arising in kidney, often asymptomatic abdo mass +/- abdo pain/haematuria/hypertension
neuroblastoma - ? / CF / what age? / T
arise in abdomen
CF - typically abdo pain +/- pain in pelvis (=obstruction GI or GU origin)
can also arise in paraspinal area
most common in under 5 age
mets to lymph nodes/scalp/bone
T - excision and chemo
