Neuro Important Points Weeks 1-2 Flashcards
preoptic
parental behavior, sexual behavior, temperature regulation (larger in males)
anterior
parasympathetics, cooling
think “A/C for cooling you down
suprachiasmatic
Circadian rhythms (inputs from W-ganglion cells in retina)
C-hiasmatic -> C-irCadian
supraoptic/paraventricular
Vasopression and oxytocin via posterior pituitary
3 L’s of oxytocin = labor, lactation, love
arcuate
tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons (inhibit prolactin), hunger (ghrelin)/ satiety (leptin)
“ARC you lactating?! Good, because your baby is HUNGRY”
dorsomedial
activation -> obesity
“Obese whales have dorsal fins”
ventromedial
activation -> satiety
damaged in Prader-Willi syndrome
posterior
sympathetics, heating
mammillary bodies
memory, connects to
MaMMillary - MeMory
Fornix connects ____ with _____
hippocampus with medial hypothalamus/mammillary bodies
Stria terminalis connects ___ with ___
amygdala with (medial) hypothalamus
Medial forebrain bundle
amingergic nuclei (brainstem) with higher cortical areas (i.e. septal area, hypothalamus)
Fibrils vs. inclusions
Fibrils - ultrastructural (nm size) are VERY toxic
inclusions - can be seen with light microscopy, LESS toxic
What are three mechanisms of neurodegeneration?
Excitotoxicity, free radicals, protein fibrilogenesis
Tau diseases
Pick’s disease, progressive nsupranuclear palsy (causes Parkinsonism, but not a synucleinopathy, post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s
a-synuclein diseases
multiple system atrophy, Lewy body disorders (Parkinson’s, Lewy body dementia)
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) diseases
Familial ALS
B-amyloid diseases
Extracellular!!!
all other fibrillogenesis proteins are intracellular
Alzheimer’s
How to treat epilepsy with focal-onset seizure
oxcarbazepine (first line)
How to treat epilepsy with generalized-onset seizures (2 drugs)
absence epilepsy - ethosuximide
other types - lamotrigine
Risk of using valproic acid
acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, hepatic failure, neural tube defects
Risk of using felbamate, carbamazepine, phenytoin
aplastic anemia (phenytoin is also hepatotoxic)