Neuro Important Points Weeks 1-2

Question 1

preoptic

Answer 1

parental behavior, sexual behavior, temperature regulation (larger in males)

Question 2

anterior

Answer 2

parasympathetics, cooling

think “A/C for cooling you down

Question 3

suprachiasmatic

Answer 3

Circadian rhythms (inputs from W-ganglion cells in retina)

C-hiasmatic -> C-irCadian

Question 4

supraoptic/paraventricular

Answer 4

Vasopression and oxytocin via posterior pituitary

3 L’s of oxytocin = labor, lactation, love

Question 5

arcuate

Answer 5

tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons (inhibit prolactin), hunger (ghrelin)/ satiety (leptin)

“ARC you lactating?! Good, because your baby is HUNGRY”

Question 6

dorsomedial

Answer 6

activation -> obesity

“Obese whales have dorsal fins”

Question 7

ventromedial

Answer 7

activation -> satiety

damaged in Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 8

posterior

Answer 8

sympathetics, heating

Question 9

mammillary bodies

Answer 9

memory, connects to

MaMMillary - MeMory

Question 10

Fornix connects ____ with _____

Answer 10

hippocampus with medial hypothalamus/mammillary bodies

Question 11

Stria terminalis connects ___ with ___

Answer 11

amygdala with (medial) hypothalamus

Question 12

Medial forebrain bundle

Answer 12

amingergic nuclei (brainstem) with higher cortical areas (i.e. septal area, hypothalamus)

Question 13

Fibrils vs. inclusions

Answer 13

Fibrils - ultrastructural (nm size) are VERY toxic

inclusions - can be seen with light microscopy, LESS toxic

Question 14

What are three mechanisms of neurodegeneration?

Answer 14

Excitotoxicity, free radicals, protein fibrilogenesis

Question 15

Tau diseases

Answer 15

Pick’s disease, progressive nsupranuclear palsy (causes Parkinsonism, but not a synucleinopathy, post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s

Question 16

a-synuclein diseases

Answer 16

multiple system atrophy, Lewy body disorders (Parkinson’s, Lewy body dementia)

Question 17

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) diseases

Answer 17

Familial ALS

Question 18

B-amyloid diseases

Answer 18

Extracellular!!!
all other fibrillogenesis proteins are intracellular
Alzheimer’s

Question 19

How to treat epilepsy with focal-onset seizure

Answer 19

oxcarbazepine (first line)

Question 20

How to treat epilepsy with generalized-onset seizures (2 drugs)

Answer 20

absence epilepsy - ethosuximide

other types - lamotrigine

Question 21

Risk of using valproic acid

Answer 21

acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, hepatic failure, neural tube defects

Question 22

Risk of using felbamate, carbamazepine, phenytoin

Answer 22

aplastic anemia (phenytoin is also hepatotoxic)