Brainstem I: Pons and Cerebellum

Question 1

Where can cerebellar damage cause abnormalities?

Answer 1

PRETTY MUCH IN THE MOVEMENT OF ANY BODY PART. Balance, coordination, VESTIBULAR FUNCTION…

linked to headaches, nausea, vomiting, unsteadiness, slurred speach, ATAXIAAAAAA

Question 2

Functions involving cerebellum

Answer 2

motor coordinaiton, motor learning, balance, posture, proprioception…seat of all MOTOR activity in brain

PREDICTION

Question 3

Other functions besides motor that cerebellum affects?

Answer 3

BP, breating rhythm, cognition (esp emotion), language (controversial, autism)

PREDICTION

Question 4

Where is more than half the neurons in brain?

Answer 4

CEREBELLUM

Question 5

Floculo-nodular lobe function

Answer 5

aka vestibulocerebellum. MOSTLY vestibular function

Question 6

Anterior lobe function

Answer 6

aka spinocerebellum. receives input from every part of spinal cord, regulation of muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary movement. LIMBS

Question 7

posterior lobe function

Answer 7

AKA CEREBROCEREBELLUM. planning of voluntary activity

Question 8

4 pairs of nuclei surronded by cerebellar cortex

Answer 8

Fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate

Fat Guys Eat Donuts

they are the main output of cerebellum…connect to the rest of brain and spinal cord via peduncles

Question 9

3 cerebellar peduncles

Answer 9

superior (SCP) - connects cerebellum with midbrain, OUTPUT from cerebellum

middle (MCP) - connects cerebellum with pons (INPUT) into cerebellum

inferior (ICP) - connects cerebellum with medulla oblongata (BOTH)

Question 10

What can we call the “trees” of the cerebellum?

Answer 10

Arbor vitae

Question 11

3 layers of the cerebellar gray matter?

Answer 11

MPG

molecular, purkinje cell layer, granular layer

Question 12

Five major cell types of neurons in cerebellum?

Answer 12

purkinje, golgi, stellate, basket, granule

Question 13

Two types of afferent (inputs)

Answer 13

mossy fibers, climbing fibers

Question 14

One type of efferent (output)

Answer 14

purkinje cell axons

Question 15

How excitable are Purkinje cells?

Answer 15

Very active, SPONTANEOUSLY ACTIVE

Question 16

Purkinje cells: inhibitory or excitatory?

Answer 16

INHIBITORY (GABAergic)

Question 17

Which cells are the main site of cerebellar computation of the cerebellum?

Answer 17

Purkinje cells

Question 18

What is the most numerous cell type in the brain?

Answer 18

Granule cells, excitatory!!!, relay mossy fibers info to purkinje cells

Question 19

Which cells give spatial control to Purkinje cells?

Answer 19

basket and stellate cells

Question 20

What do Golgi cells do to cerebellum?

Answer 20

temporal inhibition of mossy fiber input

Question 21

What are the 3 major input sources to cerebellum?

Answer 21

spinal cord - related to position.condition of muscles, tendons, oints

vestibular system - balance

cerebral cortex - planning, initiation of movement

Question 22

Where does fastigial nucleus project to?

Answer 22

Bilaterally to vestibular nuclei and

Question 23

Where does interposed nucleus project to?

Answer 23

Contralateral to red nucleus

Question 24

Where does dentate nucleus project to?

Answer 24

Contralateral to thalamus

Question 25

Functions of pons

Answer 25

Sleep, arousal, autonomic functions (e.g. respiration), ajor link between cerebral and cerebellum

Question 26

Two principle regions of pons?

Answer 26

1. basis pontis - ventral (contains CST, CBT, pontine nuclei
2. pontine tegmentum - dorsal (contains crainal nerve nuclei, reticular formation, respiratory centers

contains CN V, VI, VII, VIII