Brainstem I: Pons and Cerebellum Flashcards
Where can cerebellar damage cause abnormalities?
PRETTY MUCH IN THE MOVEMENT OF ANY BODY PART. Balance, coordination, VESTIBULAR FUNCTION…
linked to headaches, nausea, vomiting, unsteadiness, slurred speach, ATAXIAAAAAA
Functions involving cerebellum
motor coordinaiton, motor learning, balance, posture, proprioception…seat of all MOTOR activity in brain
PREDICTION
Other functions besides motor that cerebellum affects?
BP, breating rhythm, cognition (esp emotion), language (controversial, autism)
PREDICTION
Where is more than half the neurons in brain?
CEREBELLUM
Floculo-nodular lobe function
aka vestibulocerebellum. MOSTLY vestibular function
Anterior lobe function
aka spinocerebellum. receives input from every part of spinal cord, regulation of muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary movement. LIMBS
posterior lobe function
AKA CEREBROCEREBELLUM. planning of voluntary activity
4 pairs of nuclei surronded by cerebellar cortex
Fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate
Fat Guys Eat Donuts
they are the main output of cerebellum…connect to the rest of brain and spinal cord via peduncles
3 cerebellar peduncles
superior (SCP) - connects cerebellum with midbrain, OUTPUT from cerebellum
middle (MCP) - connects cerebellum with pons (INPUT) into cerebellum
inferior (ICP) - connects cerebellum with medulla oblongata (BOTH)
What can we call the “trees” of the cerebellum?
Arbor vitae
3 layers of the cerebellar gray matter?
MPG
molecular, purkinje cell layer, granular layer
Five major cell types of neurons in cerebellum?
purkinje, golgi, stellate, basket, granule
Two types of afferent (inputs)
mossy fibers, climbing fibers
One type of efferent (output)
purkinje cell axons
How excitable are Purkinje cells?
Very active, SPONTANEOUSLY ACTIVE
Purkinje cells: inhibitory or excitatory?
INHIBITORY (GABAergic)
Which cells are the main site of cerebellar computation of the cerebellum?
Purkinje cells
What is the most numerous cell type in the brain?
Granule cells, excitatory!!!, relay mossy fibers info to purkinje cells
Which cells give spatial control to Purkinje cells?
basket and stellate cells
What do Golgi cells do to cerebellum?
temporal inhibition of mossy fiber input
What are the 3 major input sources to cerebellum?
spinal cord - related to position.condition of muscles, tendons, oints
vestibular system - balance
cerebral cortex - planning, initiation of movement
Where does fastigial nucleus project to?
Bilaterally to vestibular nuclei and
Where does interposed nucleus project to?
Contralateral to red nucleus
Where does dentate nucleus project to?
Contralateral to thalamus
Functions of pons
Sleep, arousal, autonomic functions (e.g. respiration), ajor link between cerebral and cerebellum
Two principle regions of pons?
- basis pontis - ventral (contains CST, CBT, pontine nuclei
- pontine tegmentum - dorsal (contains crainal nerve nuclei, reticular formation, respiratory centers
contains CN V, VI, VII, VIII