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Family Med II > Neuro/Heme > Flashcards

Neuro/Heme Flashcards

1
Q

length of typical migraine

A

4-72 hours

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2
Q

most common aura for migraines

A

visual

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3
Q

some triggers for migraines

A

ETOH, menses, stress, MSG, foods

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4
Q

hemicranial pulsatile headache

A

migraine

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5
Q

vice-like or band-like headache

A

tension headache

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6
Q

severe periorbital headache
30-90 minutes
once to several times daily over a period of several weeks to months

A

cluster headache

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7
Q

are cluster headaches more common in females or males?

A

males

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8
Q

headache w/ miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, rhinorrhea, restlessness

A

cluster headache

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9
Q

abortive treatment for cluster headache

A

100% oxygen

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10
Q

what is the time frame to give tissue plasminogen activator for an ischemic stroke?

A

within 4.5 hours

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11
Q

short lived neurologic deficits that last up to 24 hours

A

transient ischemic attack

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12
Q

sudden abnormality of brain electrical activity

A

seizure

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13
Q

what type of seizure involves the entire brain?

A

generalize convulsive seizures

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14
Q

jacksonian march

A

in simple partial seizures

seizure activity begins in face and moves to ipsilateral arm and leg

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15
Q

seizure characterized by an aura followed by an impaired awareness

A

complex partial seizure

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16
Q

episode of repeated or ongoing seizure activity with impaired arousal lasting at least 30 minutes

A

status epilepticus

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17
Q

treatment for status epilepticus

A

IV diazepam or lorazepam

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18
Q

possible familial tremor in hands and forearms that impairs performance of fine motor skills

A

essential tremor

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19
Q

what helps improve an essential tremor?

A

alcohol, B-blockers

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20
Q

uncoordinated jerky body movements (chorea), behavioral & psychiatric problems (depression is common)

A

huntington’s disease

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21
Q

treatment for huntington’s disease

A

supportive

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22
Q

degeneration of cells in the substantia nigra causing a deficiency of dopamin

A

parkinson’s disease

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23
Q

what are the cardinal signs of parkinson’s?

A

rigidity
bradykinesia
resting tremor
postural instability

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24
Q

treatment for parkinson’s (considered gold standard)

A

carbidopa/levodopa

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25
Q

multiple foci in CNS demyelination scattered around CNS white matter

A

multiple sclerosis

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26
Q

some signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis

A

optic neuritis, weakness, diplopia, urinary symptoms, balance problems

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27
Q

most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

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28
Q

progressive mental disorder with abstract thinking ability, memory, judgement

A

dementia

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29
Q

number one causative agent of bacterial meningitis in adults > 20 yrs old

A

strep pneumoniae

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30
Q

triad of symptoms for meningitis

A

headache
stiff neck
fever

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31
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

patient supine with hip flexed 90, knee cannot fully extended

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32
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

passive flexion of neck causes flexion of both things and legs

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33
Q

mononeuropathy with facial weakness of the lower motor neuron type

A

Bell’s palsy

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34
Q

signs and symptoms of Bell’s palsy

A

unilateral facial weakness or paralysis with pain around the ear, ipsilateral loss of taste, ipsilateral decreased tear production

35
Q

treatment for Bell’s palsy

A

steroids or possibly acyclovir

36
Q

demyelinating motor polyneuropathy that can follow a nonspecific viral syndrome

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

37
Q

signs and symptoms of Guillan-Barre Syndrome

A

foot/leg weakness that ascends to other body region

38
Q

treatment of Guillan-Barre Syndrome

A

plasmapheresis, IV immunoglobulin

39
Q

decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit

A

anemia

40
Q

what suggest significant nutritional deficiencies

A

smooth tongue and other mucosal changes

41
Q

iron deficiency anemia: microcytic, normocytic or macrocytic?

A

microcytic

42
Q

most common anemia worldwide

A

iron deficiency

43
Q

signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia

A

fatigue, weakness, brittle nails, pica, koilonychia (spooning of nail beds), esophageal webs

44
Q

what will the lab work show for iron deficiency anemia?

A

decreased Ferritin

increased TIBC

45
Q

genetic disorder resulting in decreased synthesis of globin chains

A

thalassemia

46
Q

target cells

A

thalassemia

47
Q

how is thalassemia diagnosed?

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis

48
Q

anemia associated with inflammatory disease and impaired marrow response to erythropoietin

A

anemia of chronic disease

49
Q

what will the lab work show for anemia of chronic disease?

A

microcytic
serum iron and TIBC are decreased
ferritin is normal or elevated

50
Q

what are 2 examples of microcytic anemias?

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

folate deficiency

51
Q

pernicious anemia

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

52
Q

signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency

A

glossitis

irreversible neurologic damage (parasthesias, decreased proprioception, decreased vibratory sense, ataxia)

53
Q

hyper-segmented PMNs

A

vitamin B12 deficiency & folate deficiency

54
Q

treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency

A

lifelong parenteral vitamin B12

55
Q

signs and symptoms of folate deficiency

A

glossitis, GI problems (diarrhea)

56
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

folate deficiency

57
Q

abnormal RBC destruction

A

hemolytic anemia

58
Q

signs and symptoms of hemolytic anemia

A

pallor, jaundice, gallstones

59
Q

increased production of all cell lines

A

polycythemia vera

60
Q

signs and symptoms of polycythemia vera

A

pruritus after bathing, splenomegaly, hyperviscosity/thrombosis

61
Q

rouleaux (red cell stacking)

A

polycythemia vera

62
Q

treatment for polycythemia vera

A

phlebotomy

63
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia

CML

64
Q

auer rods

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

AML

65
Q

most common childhood leukemia

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

66
Q

smudge cells are pathognomonic

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

CLL

67
Q

painless lymphadenopathy is the main sign/symptoms

A

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

68
Q

which lymphoma is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus?

A

hodgkin’s lymphoma

69
Q

malignancy of clonal plasma cells producing abnormal monoclonal paraprotein (Bence-Jones)

A

multiple myeloma

70
Q

bone marrow failure with significant pancytopenia

A

aplastic anemia

71
Q

what gram negative bacterial disease typically causes grossly bloody diarrhea, camping abdominal pain?

A

salmonellosis

72
Q

treatment for salmonellosis

A

cipro/levofloxacin

73
Q

signs and symptoms of shigellosis

A

abrupt diarrhea, lower abdominal cramps, tenses

often mixed with blood and mucus

74
Q

definition of HIV

A

positive HIV serology

75
Q

definition of AIDS

A 
positive HIV serology PLUS:
CD4 < 200
opportunistic infection
malignancy
dementia and wasting
76
Q

what is a normal CD4 count

A

500-1500

77
Q

what type of cell does HIV/AIDS infect?

A

T4 lymphocytes

78
Q

what is pneumocystis?

A

opportunistic infection of the lungs typically in people with weakened immune systems, like HIV/AIDS

79
Q

what is the confirmatory test for HIV/AIDS?

A

western blot

80
Q

what is a predictor of HIV progression

A

CD4 count

81
Q

when is the risk of AIDS opportunistic infection or malignancy highest?

A

when the CD4 count is < 200

82
Q

treatment for cytomegalovirus

A

ganciclovir

83
Q

what is the goal for HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy

A

achieve a plasma viral load as low as possible

Family Med II (3 decks)

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