Neuro: Gross Brain And Cranial Environment, Spinal Cord And Vertebral Compartment Flashcards
Cerebrum (cerebral hemi) Cerebelllum ("little brain") Brain stem (Midbrain, Pons, Medulla) Spinal Cord & Roots Pre-Ganglionic Autonomic Neurons **These are all part of what system?
Central Nervous System
Spinal nerves and rami
Somatic nerves (cutaneous and neuromuscular)
Visceral nerves
Autonomic ganglia and post autonomic neurons
**These are all part of what system?
Peripheral Nervous System
Parts of CNS from top down
Telencephalon (Cerebrum) Diencephalon (Thalamus/hypothalamus) Brainstem -Midbrain -Pons -Medulla Spinal Cord
Cranial nerve to cerebrum; Which lobe, mostly?
Olfactory Tract (CN1); Temporal Lobe
Cranial nerve to thalamus
Optic Tracts (CN2)
Cranial nerve to/from Brainstem:
Midbrain
Occipital and Trochlear (CN 3 - CN 4)
Cranial nerve to/from Brainstem:
Pons
Trigeminal, Abducens, and Facial (CN 5 - CN 7)
Cranial nerve to/from Brainstem:
Medulla
Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal (CN 8 - CN 12)
Crown-like section through the diencephalon
Coronal Plane
Empty spaces deep in hemispheres of brain
Ventricular spaces (ventricles) **Empty Vents
What do the brain and spinal cord develop from?
Growth and Folding of the Fluid-filled Neural Tube, creating the CNS. Inside this neural tube is the ventricular system, containing CSF.
Wishbone-shaped structure in each cerebral hemisphere
Lateral Ventricle (contains third and fourth ventricle)
Where do the ventricles of the brain travel upon leaving the cerebrum?
They travel down, dorsal and medial to the spinal cord sections, within the central canal
Directional flow and cycling of CSF from inside the ventricular system to the outside area surrounding the CNS = subarachnoid space
CSF travels from the choroidal plexus to Ventricular system to 3 foramen to Subarachnoid space to Veins and sinuses (where it is reabsorbed)
Where does the central canal dead-end?
Sacral Spinal Cord
Axis of the neural tube
Rostral-caudal axis (head-tail)
Dorsal-ventral axis is always ____ to rostrum-caudal axis
Perpendicular
Which axis is kinked in humans?
Rostral-caudal axis
What surface is along the base of the skull?
Ventral/belly
What surface is along the surface of the skull/calvarium?
Dorsal/back surface
At which junction is the rostral-caudal axis kinked?
Midbrain-diencephalic junction
Directional axes that always stay the same, no matter if it kinks or not.
North = superior South = inferior East = posterior West = anterior (This is for a person facing the left)
Plane that cuts through to create a top and a bottom (superior and inferior)
Horizontal/transverse plane
Plane that cuts through to create a front and a back (anterior and posterior)
Coronal plane (coronal crown)
Plane that cuts through to create a left and a right
Sagittal plane (left-midline-right) (“midline section”)
Plane that cuts through to create a left and right side that is lateral to the midline (creates 2 unequal sides)
Para-sagittal plane
Plane that cuts through to create a left and a right, that makes two equal halfs
Mid-sagittal plane
Overview of brain in cranium (outside to inside)
Scalp Skull Dura -Meningeal layer -Periosteal layer Arachnoid -Subarachnoid space Pia mater
Where is the middle meningeal artery located?
It ascends while it is embedded in the dura mater
What do the outer/periosteal and inner/meningeal layers separate to form?
Dural sinuses (ex: sagittal sinus)
Layer that is flush against the dura, but has trabeculae extending to the pia mater
Arachnoid
Thin, transparent layer that is flush with the surface of the brain and follows the gyro and the sulci
Pia mater
Space where the trabeculae are found; contains CSF and vessels
Subarachnoid space
Type of hemorrhage that occurs typically from the tearing of bridging veins
Subdural hemorrhages; bridging veins travel into the sagittal sinus, making them vulnerable to tearing
Materials located within the subarachnoid space
Arteries and veins that supply/drain the brain and spinal cord