Neuro Final Flashcards
(317 cards)
1
Q
The C-fibers are responsible for the :
A. Preganglionic autonomic
B. Postganglionic autonomic
C. Light touch
D. Localized pain
A
B. Postganglionic autonomic
2
Q
The collection of root are originating from
A. Ventral root
B. Dorsal root
C. Ventral rami
D. Dorsal rami
A
C. Ventral rami
3
Q
Patient has an over stretch at his upper limb. What is most likely damaged ?
A. Brachial
B. Sacral
C. Lumbar plexus
D. None of the above
A
A. Brachial
4
Q
Ahmad was playing football. Then, his leg is fractured. This injury is classified as :
A. Thermal
B. Avulsion
C. Crush
D. Laceration
A
B. Avulsion
5
Q
A 34 year old patient who had a lesion at posterior nerve root. The symptom :
A. Paralysis of muscle
B. Pain at muscle
C. All of the above
D. None of the above
A
B. Pain at muscle
6
Q
One of the following is true :
A. Lesion at Clark’s nucleus causes impairment of NMS.
B. It is located at ventral horn
C. It starts at C8 to T1
A
A. Lesion at Clark’s nucleus causes impairment of NMS
7
Q
Patient had a lesion at L5 segment . He lost the light touch and pressure sensation, where as pain is intact. The patient has a lesion at:
A. Lateral spinothalamic and its contra
B. Anterior spinothalamic and its contra
C. Anterior spinothalamic and its Ipsilateral
A
B. Anterior spinothalamic and its contra
8
Q
The myelination process of PNS is done by:
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Schwann cell
C. Astrocyte cell
D. None of the above
A
B. Schwann cell
9
Q
Compression of the nerve and the epineurium and endoneurium are intact ?
A. Axonomtesis
B. Neuromtesis
C. Neuroaproxia
D. Neuroma
A
A. Axonomtesis
10
Q
The patient who can not control his muscle length. He most likely has damage to :
A. Golgi spindle
B. Muscle spindle
C. A and B
D. None of the above
A
C. A and B
11
Q
Radial tunnel syndrome is different than posterior interosseous syndrome through
A. Radial tunnel syndrome is lack of motor deficit
B. PIS is a syndrome of radial nerve compression
C. They are both motor and sensory
D. All of the above
A
A. Radial tunnel syndrome is lack of motor deficit
12
Q
Clumsiness is a sign of
A. Positive sensory
B. Negative sensory
C. Motor
A
C. Motor
13
Q
Ahmad is 7 years old and he had an X-ray. What is your expectation about his spinal cord ?
A
It ends at L3
14
Q
A 22 year old male falls and hits his back on a rock while attempting to rock climb. He fractures his vertebral column. When tested in the hospital, he has no motor control on portions of his left lower extremity, most notably his left foot, as well as other neurologic deficits. The loss of motor control to his foot, but not his thigh musculature could be due to a specific contusion of the :
A
Lateral side of the anterior horn
15
Q
Which tract ascend through the lateral funiculus ?
A
Spinalthalamic
16
Q
One patient who was a fire man. He was exposed to the flame. After that, the doctor told him that he should do nerve graft procedure. Which of the following is true . This injury is:
A
Thermal
17
Q
The neuroma happens after what injury ?
A
Crush injury
18
Q
One patient did the nerve conduction velocity test. The result was ….
According to this figure, what is your evaluation ?
A
No myelination
19
Q
One of the following about right optic tract complete lesion is true
A
Left visual fields of both eyes will be affected
20
Q
A patient was unable to move the eyeball to the side and upward
A
Lesion in the midbrain
21
Q
Myadriasis can be caused due to a lesion in one of the following nerves
A
Oculomotor
22
Q
Which one of the following signs of Parkinson’s disease become more expressed in the LATE stage of the disease
A
Postural disturbances
23
Q
Involuntary slow movements that stops at sleep is called
A
Athetosis
24
Q
A patient complains of problems in standing upright against gravity with straight posture. The lesion is in one of the following tracts:
A
Vestibulospinal tract
25
Continuous resistance to passive stretch in bidirectional movements, which occur in normal range of motion is called:
Rigidity
(Spasticity is unidirectional)
26
Lesion in the midbrain can cause signs and symptoms of all of the following tracts except:
Olivocerebellar tract
27
One of the following answers is true about lesion of the facial nerve:
A. Loss of pain sensation of face.
B. Loss of the temperature sensation of the face.
C. Loss of the touch sensation of the face.
D. None of the above.
E. All of the above.
D. None of the above.
28
Iatrogenic parkinsonism can be caused as a side effect of one of the following:
Phenothiazines
29
A patient with high stepping gait, the lesion is located in:
Dorsal column lesions
30
One of the following is FALSE about lower motor neuron?
Ends in the posterior horn cells
(It ends in the anterior horn cells)
31
Diplegia is:
Paralysis of two corresponding limbs
32
In MRI, all of the following are correct about T2 image contrast EXCEPT:
Can show anatomical structures
33
Parkinson’s disease is:
A. Hyperkinetic disorder.
B. Hypokinetic disorder.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.
C. All of the above
34
Lesion in the pons can cause signs and symptoms in the reticulospinal and spinocerebellar tracts specify the exact tract:
Medial and anterior
35
In a patient with left hemiplegia, what part of the face might be paralyzed?
Only lower left part of the face
36
A blindness or reduction in vision occurs in one half of the visual field is called:
Homonymous hemianopsia
37
Lesion of the extrapyramidal tracts can cause all of the following except:
Babinski sign
38
Arnold Chieri phenomenon is a disease of:
Medulla oblongata
39
Lamination of the ascending tracts of the spinal cord show loss of temperature and pain LAST in:
Cervical
( FIRST in sacral)
40
One of the following answers is correct about Huntington’s disease
A. Autosomal abminant inherited disease.
B. There is a degeneration of GABA.
C. Has been traced to a single gene defect on chromosome 4
D. Cause choreform movements
E. All the above.
E. All of the above.
41
Medial medullary syndrome include:
A. Hemiparesis
B. upper motor neuron lesion signs
C. Paralysis of tongue muscles.
D. Involvement of the medial lemniscus.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
42
The patient complains of loss of pain and temperature of the contralateral side of the lesion. He also complains of loss of tactile discrimination, vibratory and proprioceptive of the ipsilateral side of the lesion with ipsilateral band of cutaneous anesthesia in the segment of the lesion. This patient is suffering from?
Brown-squared syndrome
43
A patient MRI showed all lesion in the right side of the upper cervical region of the spinal cord, the patient will suffer from:
Loss of fine touch of the right side of the body
44
In hypoglossal lower motor neuron lesion, the tongue will
Be deviated toward the lesion side
45
Nystagmus is a sign of:
Brainstem
46
Loss of gag reflex in coma patient indicates
Brain death
47
A patient lost his fine skilled voluntary movements of the upper limbs (distal part), the lesion is on
Corticospinal tract
48
The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease result from the loss of dopaminergic cells in:
Substantia nigra
49
In a pt with syringomyelia, he might complain of all of the following EXCEPT:
Loss of touch sensation
50
A patient was unable to turn the head toward a painful stimulus is suffering from
Lesion in spinotectal tract
51
All of the following are false about the non-myelinated nerve fibers EXCEPT:
Covered by the mesaxon
52
Choreiform movement is
Quick jerky irregular movements
53
Sinus, slow writhing movement that affects the distal end of limbs is called
Athetosis
54
A disease of childhood in which there are rapid, irregular, involuntary movements of the limbs, face, and trunk is called
Sydenham chorea
55
A patient was unable to turn the head toward a visual stimulus is suffering from:
Lesion in tectospinal tract
56
One of the following is NOT an upper motor neuron disease symptom
Atrophy
57
In a pathological condition, a low Amplitude shape of a nerve conduction velocity is caused by
Damage of the Axons
58
Coma will immediately follow the lesion of the
Reticular formation of brainstem
59
Occlusion of vertebrobasilar causes all of the following EXCEPT:
Contralateral Horner syndrome
60
All of the following medications are used to treat severe pain EXCEPT
Codeine
61
The cerebellum contains the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT
Hypertonia
62
Thalamus relays sensation of all of the following EXCEPT
Olfactory
63
An occlusion of which of the following arteries can cause damage to medulla oblongata?
A. Anterior cerebellar
B. Superior cerebellar
C. PICA
D. All of the above
C. PICA
64
Patient lost half of his visual field after CVA, which of the following arteries is blocked
Choroidal artery
65
All of the following are signs of posterior cerebellar syndrome except
Nystagmus
66
A soldier lost his lower limb in the war. After 8 months, he still feels the pain in his lost limb
Phantom pain
67
Lesion in hippocampus causes
Alzheimer
68
Poikilothermic patient with pinpoint pupils have a lesion in:
Basilar artery that supplies pons
69
Ipsilateral pain and temperature of the face and contralateral of pain and temperature of the body caused by occlusion to:
Vertebrobasillar artery
70
All of the following are true about impairment of cerebral blood flow EXCEPT
Heart disease
71
Lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg contain the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT
Thermoanesthesia (Contralateral face)
72
Dysdiadochokinase :
Alternative movement
73
All of the following is the role of cerebellum EXCEPT?
Initiate the movement
74
Split brain syndrome can be caused by damage to:
Corpus callosum
75
Damage in long-term memory:
Hippocampus
76
All the following are speech areas EXCEPT:
A. 4
B. 22
C. 44
D. 45
E. 20
E. 20
77
Problem in the sight is due to lesion of all of the following areas EXCEPT?
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 8
E. 11
E. 11
78
Problem in the sight is due to lesion of all of the following areas EXCEPT :
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 8
E. 11
E. 11
79
A patient suffers from astereognosis , which area is affected
Area 5
80
Visceral pain is considered as:
Referred pain
81
Lesion in Broca’s area leads to
Expressive aphasia
82
Lesion in Wernicke’s area leads to
Receptive aphasia
83
All of the following are signs of cerebellar syndrome EXCEPT:
A. Dystonia
B. Athetosis
C. Spastic
D. Paresis
84
Loss of sensory somesthetic in one ARM is due to occlusion in which artery
Middle cerebral artery
85
Loss of sensory somesthetic in one LEG is due to occlusion in which artery
Anterior cerebral artery
86
One of the following is wrong about orbeture pain
87
Medial medullary syndrome includes
A. Hemiparesis
B. Upper motor neuron lesion sign
C. Paralysis of tongue muscles.
D. Involvement of the medial lemniscus.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
88
Central pain is caused by a lesion in which area
Thalamus
89
Spastic paresis is which area
Area 4
90
Dysdiadochokinesia is a sign of lesion in ?
Cerebellum
91
Cerebellar tonsile herniation from foramen magnum is seen in
Arnold chair malformation
92
What are the common signs and symptoms of parietal lobe injury?
A. Sensory disturbances.
B. Astereognosia
C. Aphasia.
D. Agnosia.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
93
In which area the patient has hearing problems
A. 41
B. 21
C. 22
D. 39
A. 41
94
Precentral (motor) gyrus lesion causes
Contralateral hemiparesis
95
Continuous resistance to passive stretch in bidirectional movements which occur in normal range of motion is called:
Rigidity
96
All of the following cause Pontine hemorrhage EXCEPT
97
The signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may vary among patients, but they always result from compression of what structure in the carpal canal?
Median nerve
98
Patient who has a compression of the medium nerve around the elbow and palmar side of the forearm
A. Anterior interosseous syndrome
B. Carpal tunnel syndrome.
C. Pronator syndrome.
D. Posterior interosseous syndrome
99
Guyon’s canal syndrome is an entrapment of a nerve as it passes through a tunnel in the wrist called guyon’s canal. Which nerve is this?
Ulnar nerve
100
Numbness is one of the
Positive signs
101
Clumsiness is a sign of
Motor
102
Which tract ascends through the lateral funiculus
Spinalthalamic
103
Which of these ascending spinal tract neurons will decussate ?
A. First order.
B. Second order.
C. Third order.
D. None of the above.
B. Second order
104
How many plexus groups branch off the spinal cord?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 2
D. 4
105
A 22-year-old patient had a car accident. He can’t turn his head while his brother was putting a light toward his eyes. He has a lesion at?
Spinotectal ?
106
A 34-year-old patient who had a lesion at posterior nerve root. The symptom:
A. Paralysis of muscle.
B. Pain at muscle.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.
B. Pain at muscle.
107
Patient had a lesion at L5 segment. He lost the light touch and pressure sensation , where as pain is intact. The patient has a lesion at:
Anterior spinothalamic and its contra
108
109
Posterior column right side
110
Occlusion of which of the following arteries can cause damage to the medulla oblongata
PICA
111
All of the following are signs of posterior cerebellar syndrome, EXCEPT
A. Visual agnosia
B. Impaired memory.
C. Nystagmus
D. CL hemianopia
C. Nystagmus
112
Lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg contain the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT
A. Dysphasia.
B. Dysarthria.
C. Analgesia (ipsilateral face)
D. Thermoanesthesia (contralateral face)
D. Thermoanesthesia (Contralateral face)
113
What are the common signs and symptoms of parietal lobe injury?
A. Sensory disturbances.
B. Astereognosis
C. Aphasia
D. Agnosia
E. All the following.
E. All of the following.
114
In which area does the patient have hearing problems?
Area 41
115
Medial medullary syndrome
All of the above
116
Astereognosis is which area
Area 5
117
Patient with deafness may have a lesion in all areas EXCEPT
Area 24
118
Lesion in the midbrain can cause signs and symptoms of all of the following tracts EXCEPT
A. Olivocerebellar tract
B. Spinotectal tract
C. Spinocerebellar tract
D. Vestibulospinal tract
E. Rubrospinal tract
A. Olivocerebellar tract
119
In MRI, all of the following are correct about T2 image contrast EXCEPT
Can shown anatomical structures
120
In patient with left hemiplegia , what part of the face might be paralyzed
Only lower left part of the face
121
Arnold chairi phenomenon is a disease of :
Medulla oblongata
122
Nystagmus is a sign of
Brainstem
123
A patient was unable to turn the head toward a visual stimulus is suffering from
Lesion is tectospinal
124
A patient was unable to turn the head toward a painful stimulus is suffering from
Lesion in the spinotectal
125
The cerebellum contain the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT:
Hypertonia
126
Speech area except
A. 4
B. 22
C. 44
D. 45
E. 20
E. 20
127
All of the following are signs of Cerebellar syndrome except
Athetosis
128
Precentral gyrus lesion
Contralateral hemiparesis
129
Which of the following injury is an example of open wood injury?
A. Crush.
B. Avulsion.
C. Laceration.
D. Thermal.
Laceration
130
Which of the following injuries in neurons can happen
A. Crush.
B. Avulsion.
C. Laceration.
D. Thermal
A. Crush
131
Bone can be involved in which of the following injuries
A. Laceration.
B. Crush.
C. Avulsion.
D. Thermal.
C. Avulsion.
132
Endoneurium, epineurium, and perineurium are intact, in which of the following processes
A. Neurapraxia.
B. Axonotmesis
C. Neurotemsis
D. None of the above.
Axonotmesis
133
Drop wrist and watrenberg are caused by
A. Injury to median nerve
B. Injury to ulnar nerve.
C. Injury to radial nerve.
D. Injury to musculocutaneous nerve.
C. Injury to radial nerve
134
Watrendberg is:
A. Motor injury.
B. Sensory injury.
C. Motor and sensory.
D. None of the above.
B. Sensory injury.
135
Foot drop is a symptom of which of the following injuries:
A. Femoral nerve.
B. Obturator nerve
C. Perineal nerve
D. Tibial nerve
C. Perineal nerve
136
X represent what ?
A. Amplitude.
B. Latency
C. Duration.
D. None of the above.
A. Amplitude
137
If amplitude was weak, that means what:
A. Damage in dendrites
B. Damage in neurium
C. Damage in axon
D. Damage in soma
C. Damage in axon
138
Y represents what :
A. Amplitude.
B. Latency.
C. Duration.
D. None of the above.
C. Duration.
139
Y represents what regarding nerve velocity ?
A. Damage on axon
B. Myelination
C. Compression.
D. All of the above.
B. Myelination
140
Z represents what :
A. Amplitude.
B. Latency.
C. Duration.
D. None of the above.
B. Latency.
141
Z or latency is used to know what:
A. Compression.
B. Myelination.
C. Strength.
D. All of the above.
A. Compression
142
Normal nerve velocity is
A. 50
B. 70
C. 150
D. 200
50 m/s
143
One of the following about right optic tract complete lesion is true:
A. Only nasal visual field will be affected.
B. Complete blindness of the right eye.
C. Blindness of both eyes.
D. Left visual field of both eyes will be affected.
D. Left visual field of both eyes will be affected.
144
One of the following about right optic nerve complete lesion is true:
A. Only nasal field will be affected.
B. Complete blindness of the right eye.
C. Blindness of both eyes.
D. Left visual field of both eyes will be affected.
B. Complete blindness of the right eye.
145
Mydriasis can be caused because of a lesion in one of the following nerves
Oculomotor
146
Trochlear nerve innervates which of the following muscles:
A. Superior oblique.
B. Inferior oblique.
C. Medial rectus.
D. Lateral rectus.
A. Superior oblique.
147
Which of the following is responsible of sensation of your face?
A. Facial.
B. Abducent.
C. Optic
D. Trigeminal.
D. Trigeminal nerve
148
In patients with left hemiplegia, what part of their face could be paralyzed?
A. All upper left part of the face.
B. All upper right part of the face.
C. Only lower left part of the face.
D. Only lower right part of the face
C. Only lower left part of the face.
149
In hypoglossal nerve (lower motor neuron lesion) the tongue will:
A. Deviated toward lesion side.
B. Deviated towards normal side.
C. Be normal and symmetrical in size.
D. Have abnormal electrical potential.
A. Deviated toward lesion side.
150
Which of the following optic nerve reflex can be done by trigeminal and facial nerve?
A. Direct reflex
B. Corneal reflex.
C. Visual body reflex.
D. pupillary skin reflex
B. Corneal reflex.
151
Which of the following nerve can cause pedantic syndrome?
A. Optic
B. Olfactory.
C. Oculomotor.
D. trochlear
C. Oculomotor.
152
You had one patient who has a lesion in the right upper motor neuron, regarding to that, which of the following is true?
A. Right lower part of the face will be paralyzed.
B. Left lower part of the face will be paralyzed.
C. One side of the face will be paralyzed.
D. Both side of the face will be paralyzed.
B. Left lower part of the face will be paralyzed.
153
Which of the following part is responsible for a long-term memory
Hippocampus
154
Patient who have problem in the thought process is because of a lesion in all of the following except
A. 11
B. 17
C. 18
D. 19
Weird question
A. 11
155
One of the following is a sign of a lesion in area number 17
A. Patient can’t talk.
B. Patient can’t see.
C. Patient can’t understand words.
D. All of the above.
B. Patient can’t see.
156
Postcentral gyrus lesion leads to
A. Contralateral hemisphere.
B. Contralateral loss of sensory
C. Ipsilateral hemisphere.
D. Ipsilateral loss of sensory.
B. Contralateral loss of sensory.
(If precentral gyrus lesion, it will be contralateral hemisphere)
157
Continuous resistance in passive stretch that happens in a unidirectional movement is called
Spasticity
158
Involuntary movement that presents in trunk and flexor muscles
A. Myelonus
B. Tremor
C. Athetosis
D. Chorea
D. Chorea
159
Involuntary slow movement that stops during sleep
Athetosis
160
Quadriplegia is:
Paralysis of all four limbs
161
Lamination of ascending tracts of spinal cord show loss of temperature and pain FIRSTLY in:
Sacral
162
A patient who did MRI shows lesion in right side of upper cervical
Loss of fine touch of right side
163
Patient who lost fine skilled voluntary movement of upper limb, so the lesion will be
Corticospinal tract
164
All of the sensory pathways relay on cerebral cortex except
A. Optic.
B. Olfaction
C. Auditory
Olfaction
165
Which of the following statements is correct regarding thalamic pain
A. Occurs in ipsilateral side of the body.
B. Decreased by light touch or cold.
C. Increased by fine touch.
D. Occurs in opposite side of the body.
D. Occurs in opposite side of the body.
166
All of the following are true regarding the thalamic hand EXCEPT
A. Contralateral hand.
B. Wrist is supinated and flexed.
C. MTP joints are flexed.
D. Fingers can move actively.
B. Wrist is supinated and flexed.
(it could be pronated and flex)
167
Unpleasant abnormal sensation is called
Dysesthesia
168
Increase in response to stimulus, which is normally painful is called
Hyperalgesia
169
Increase sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special sense
Hyperesthesia
170
Which of the following is a type of neuropathic pain?
A. organ pain
B. Allodynia
C. None of the above
B. Allodynia
171
Which of the following is responsible of stimulation of kinase receptors?
A. Bradykinin
B. Histamine
C. Serotonin.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
172
One of the following is NOT true regarding to pain assessment
A. It’s objective.
B. It’s subjective.
C. Left side has no pain.
D. Right side has severe pain.
A. It’s objective
173
Which of the following pain assessments is used to evaluate the last 24 hours
A. Visual analogue scale
B. Verbal description scale.
C. Numeric rating scale.
D. Face pain scale.
C. Numeric rating scale
174
Which of the following is used with severe pain?
A. Acetaminophen.
B. Codeine.
C. Tramadol.
D. Morphine.
D. Morphine
175
which one of the following can be found in Parkinson’s disease?
A. Bradykinesia.
B. Postural disturbances.
C. Tremor
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
176
Involuntary movements that happens at one side of the proximal muscles
A. Parkinson’s disease.
B. hemipalesim (hemiballismus)
C. Athetosis
D. Choreiform
B. Hemiballismus
177
Astrocytoma is a disease that happens in the:
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata.
C. Midbrain.
D. All of the above
A. Pons
178
Which of the following cranial nerves is found in the midbrain?
A. Oculomotor
B. Facial
C. Hypoglossal
A. Oculomotor
179
The patient can’t move his face, so the lesion will be in the:
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Midbrain
D. All of the above
A. Pons
180
Which of the following arteries innervates the MEDIAL part of the cerebellum?
A. AICA
B. SCA
C. PICA
D. None of the above
C. PICA
181
Occlusion of which artery cause Wallenberg syndrome?
A. PICA
B. AICA
C. SCA
D. All of the above
A. PICA
182
Intention tremor in the cerebellum can happen because there is damage in the:
A. Cerebellum.
B. PICA
C. Rubrolivocerebellar tract
D. All of the above
C. Rubrolivocerebellar tract
183
Occlusion to which of one of the arteries can cause damage to the medulla oblongata
PICA
184
Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible of excitation pain reticular formation
A. Serotonin.
B. Glutamine.
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
C. Acetylcholine
185
A lesion in the hippocampus results in:
A. Anterior grade amnesia.
B. Posterior grade amnesia.
C. None of the above.
D. All of the above.
A. Anterior grade amnesia.
186
There was an experiment in animals in which evaluating the damage in reticular formation, it indicated that the reticular formation is responsible for:
A. Consciousness.
B. Emotions.
C. Learning.
D. None of the above.
A. Consciousness.
187
Epilepsy may be due to inhibition of:
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata.
C. Reticular formation.
D. Midbrain.
C. Reticular formation.
188
Which one of the following will lead to the worst symptoms of schizophrenia?
A. Phenothiazine.
B. Serotonin.
C. Dopamine.
D. All of the above.
A. Phenothiazine
189
Clubfoot syndrome can result from:
A. Removing bilateral reticular formation.
B. Removing bilateral temporal lobes/bones ?
C. Removing medulla oblongata.
B. Removing bilateral temporal bones/lobes
190
Aura of acoustic and olfactory experience can be present in the dysfunction of :
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata.
C. Temporal lobe.
D. All of the above.
C. Temporal lobe.
191
One of the following are signs of cerebellar syndrome :
A. Dystonia.
B. Athetosis
C. Spastic.
D. Paresis
A. Dystonia
192
Know where each artery supplies
193
Aneurysm
(Swollen blood vessels)
194
Hemorrhage
195
Where is the problem ?
What is this artery responsible for?
Damage to this artery can cause ?
Posterior cerebral artery
Vision (supplies occipital lobe)
- Blindness
- Hemianopia
196
Tumor
197
CVA stroke
198
Herniated disc
199
Label and mention their importance
200
Where is the problem
Main MCA
201
Where is the problem
Anterior MCA
202
Where is the problem
Middle MCA
203
Where is the problem
Posterior MCA
204
Where is the problem
PCA
205
Where is the problem
ACA
206
Where is the problem
Cortical MCA
207
Where is the problem
Perforator
208
Bone can be involved in which injury
Avulsion
209
Erb’s palsy involves which nerve
Axillary nerve
210
Watenberg is a
Sensory injury
211
What does a weak amplitude mean
Damage in the axon
212
Excessive smallness or contraction of the pupil in the eye is
Myosis (miosis)
213
The dilation of pupil of the eye is
Mydriasis
214
One of the following about right optic tract complete lesion is true
Left visual field of both eyes are lost
215
One of the following about right optic nerve complete lesion is true
Complete blindness of the right eye
216
Mydriasis can be caused by which nerve injury
Oculomotor
217
Trochlear nerve supplies which muscle
Superior oblique muscle
218
Which nerve is responsible for sensation of face
Trigeminal
219
In a patient with left hemiplegia, which part of face could be paralyzed
Lower left quadrant
220
Blindness or reduction of half vision can happen in
Hemaniopia
221
In hypoglossal upper motor neuron lesion, the tongue will :
Deviate to normal side
222
Which of the following nerves can cause Benedict syndrome
Oculomotor
223
One patient has a lesion in right upper motor neuron facial nerve , which statement is true
Left lower
224
All of the following are a part of speech except
41
45
44
20
20
225
Postcentral gyrus lesion leads to
Contralateral sensory loss
226
Precentral gyrus lesion leads to
Contra motor
227
All are abnormal potential that can be seen during an EMG testing, except:
A. Fibrillation potential.
B. Insertion potential.
C. Positive sharp wave.
D. Electrical potential at rest
E. All are abnormal potential.
B. Insertion potential.
228
True or false
Thalamus pain occurs on opposite side of the body
True
229
True or false
Regarding thalamic hand, wrist is supinated and flexible
False
Pronated and flexed
230
Which part of the hypothalamus causes anorexia
Lateral hypothalamus
231
Insomnia occurs because of:
Hypothalamus
232
Lesion in which area can cause anomia
37
233
All of the following are signs of CEREBRAL syndrome, except:
DYSTONIA
234
All of the following are signs of CEREBELLAR syndrome, except
SPASTIC
235
Medication that does not have high opioids
Bupremorphine
236
Precentral gyrus lesion will cause
Contralateral Hemiparesis
237
Postcentral gyrus lesion will cause
Contralateral sensory damage
238
Lesion in Wernick area causes what type of aphasia
Receptive aphasia
239
Less sensitivity to stimulus excluding special senses
Hypoesthesia
240
Patient has decorticate in arm
Flexion pattern
241
Patient has decerebrate in arm
Extension pattern
242
Multiple sclerosis
(Swelling of spinal cord)
243
Lesion where person can’t move eyes away to the side laterally happens in?
Pons
(Abducens nerve is located there)
244
Lesion where person can’t move eyes away to the side downward happens in
Midbrain
245
Regarding GCS for decerebrate, patient score is
2
246
Regarding GCS for decorticate , patient score is
3
247
All are true about impairment in cerebellum blood flow except
Heart dies/disease
248
What is rigidity?
Bilateral resistance
249
What is spasticity?
Unilateral resistance
250
Middle cerebral artery :
- parasylvian
- superior division
- inferior division
What happens when each one is damaged
Parasylvian:
- contralateral weakness and sensory loss of face and hand
- conduction aphasia
- gerstmann’s syndrome (if on left side)
-Apraxia
- Constructional dyspraxia (if on right side)
Superior division :
- contralateral hemiplegia
- Hemisensory loss
- gaze palsy
- spatial neglect
- Broca’s aphasia (if on left side)
Inferior division:
- Contralateral hemaniopia
- Upper quadrant anopsia
- Wernick’s aphasia (if on left side)
- constructional dyspraxia (if on right side)
251
What happens if 2 is damaged ?
A. Motor
B. Vision
C. Auditory
D. All of the above
B. Vision
252
Patient can’t flex the digit 2nd, 3rd, with thenar atrophy
Pops hand ???
253
Patient has injury in his arm by sharp glass, the wound was deep and involved nerve injury called
Laceration
254
Central pain lesion
Thalamus
255
Patient has decorticate in his arm
Flexion pattern
256
Patient has decerebrate in his arm
Extension pattern
257
Do you want to be stable on the floor while standing, The responsible tract is?
Vestibulospinal + reticulospinal
258
You saw a lion in front of you and you run away, the responsible tract is
Rubrospinal tract + medullary reticulospinal tract
259
Tract that is responsible for stability
Vestibulospinal and pontine reticulospinal
260
Ulnar nerve lesion/entrapment is called
Guyon’s tunnel/cannal
261
Median nerve lesion is called
Carpal tunnel syndrome
262
Abducens nerve is located
Pons
263
Lesion where person can’t move eyes away to the side laterally happens in?
Pons
(Bc Abducens)
264
Lesion where person can’t move eyes downward
Midbrain
265
Tetraplegia is
Lesion in 4 limbs
266
Cut/lesion to medulla oblongata ?
Contralateral (motor and sensory)
267
Cut/lesion to spinal cord
Ipsilateral motor
Contralateral sensory (pain and temperature)
268
Patient is unable to move the upper limb (when overstretch axilla part) after sleeping, which plexus is damaged
Brachial plexus
269
Patient is unable to blindly exact position in space of lower limb, lesion in?
Medial leminiscus system
270
Patient stable → painful against gravity
Tectospinal
271
Patient stable → without pain against gravity
Vestibulospinal
272
Broadman area site of brain awareness
11
273
The myelination process of PNS is done by
Schwann cells
274
A 38-year-old woman worker. She sustained laceration at dorsoradial aspect of the thumb. This most likely represents laceration of which syndrome.
Waterburg syndrome
275
All of the following are signs of posterior cerebellar syndrome except
Nystagmus
276
One of the following are signs of cerebellar syndrome
Dystonia
277
Patient who has a compression of the median nerve around the elbow and palmar side of the forearm ?
Pronator syndrome
278
Which of these ascending spinal tract neurons will decussate
Second order
279
How many plexus groups branch from the spinal cord
4 !
280
A 22 year old patient had a car accident. He cant turn head while his brother was putting a light toward his eyes . He has lesion at
Spinotectal / tectospinal
281
Posterior horn
282
Posterior column if the right side
283
Tumor
284
The patient is unable to run away from a dangerous situation. What could be injured?
Rubrospinal tract
285
Patient has wrist pain due to repetitive movements, especially when hand down and outside
Guyon
(I think its carpal tunnel)
286
You want to be stable on the floor while standing , the responsible tracts are
Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal
287
You saw a lion in front of you and you run away?
Responsible tracts are
Rubrospinal tract and medullary reticulospinal
288
Tracts responsible for stability
Vestibulospinal and pontine reticulospinal
289
Which of the following is used to produce MRI images?
A. H
B. O2
C. CO2
D. N2
A. H+
290
The internal capsule is supplied by which of the following arteries
A. Ophthalmic artery
B. Choroidal artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
D. All of the above
B. Choroidal artery
291
Which of the following results of PET scan indicates normal function of the brain?
A. Increased CO2.
B. Increased hydrogen.
C. Decreased oxygen.
D. Decreased CO2.
D. Decreased CO2.
292
Which of the following is not an effect of pain?
A. Increased heart rate.
B. Increased glucose levels
C. Increased GI mobility
D. Increased muscle tension.
C. Increased GI mobility
293
Which of the following inhibits the transmission of pain?
A. Bradykinin
B. Prostaglandins
C. Enkephalins
D. Substance P
Enkephalins
294
Which of the following is not true about C-fibers transduction ?
A. Unmyelinated.
B. Dull aching pain
C. Elicited by thermal stimuli
D. Slow pain
C. Elicited by thermal stimuli
295
Pain perception process
1. Transduction
2. Peripheral transmission
3. Modulation
4. Central transmission
5. Perception
296
Which of the following is a synthetic opioid prescribed for moderate pain?
A. Tramadol.
B. Codeine.
C. Morphine.
D. meperidine
A. Tramadol
297
Destruction of the amygdaloid complex will lead to all of the following except:
A. Passive person.
B. Emotional instability.
C. Memory loss.
D. Increase appetite.
C. Memory loss
298
Schizophrenia is associated with injury to:
A. Limbic system
B. Amygdaloid complex
C. Temporal lobe dysfunction
D. Reticular formation
A. Limbic system
299
Wallenberg syndrome is associated with injury of:
A. PICA
B. AICA
C. SCA
D. All of the above
A. PICA
300
Which of the following is not associated with cerebellar lesions?
A. Ataxia
B. Hypotonia
C. Pendular nystagmus
D. Resting tremor
D. Resting tremor
301
Resting tremors are associated with?
Parkinson
302
What kind of tremors do you see with cerebellar lesions?
During active purposeful movements
303
Injury to CN 7 is associated with
A. Midbrain
B. Pons
C. Medulla
D. Cerebellum
B. Pons
304
All of the following arteries can be involved in Pontine hemorrhage, except:
A. Basilar artery.
B. Anterior cerebellar
C. Posterior cerebellar
D. Inferior cerebellar
E. Superior cerebellar
C. Posterior cerebellar
305
All of the following are true about decerebrate except
Flexion
306
What will happen if the medial region of hypothalamus is affected?
Obesity
(Satiety)
307
All of the following are thalamic hand, except:
IP joints are flexed
(IP joints are extended, MCP are flexed , wrist is pronated and flexed)
308
All of the following in hypothalamus except
Depression ?
(Rage, insomnia, sleep disturbances are correct)
309
Which region of the hypothalamus can cause anorexia
Lateral
310
Which region of the hypothalamus can cause extreme obesity
Medial
311
Which part of hypothalamus is hunger center
Lateral
312
Which region of hypothalamus is satiety center
Medial
313
Overuse of wrists from heavy, gripping and twisting, and repeated hand and wrist movements and cause pins and needles burning sensation. Working the hand in a bent outward position will squeeze the nerves located in which tunnel.
Guyon’s tunnel (ulnar nerve)
314
What decreases nerve velocity
A. Ultrasound
B. TENS
C. ICE
D. Massage
E. All of the above
C. ICE
315
Lesion in limbic system causes
Schizophrenia
316
Abnormal spontaneous sensation that is pleasant (not unpleasant)
Paresthesia
317
All of the following are due to lesions in the cerebellum except
A. Nystagmus
B. Dysdiadokinesia
C. Paresis
D. Dysarthria
C. Paresis
