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🟡 Neuroscience 🟡 > Neuro Final > Flashcards

Neuro Final Flashcards

1
Q

The C-fibers are responsible for the :

A. Preganglionic autonomic
B. Postganglionic autonomic
C. Light touch
D. Localized pain

A

B. Postganglionic autonomic

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2
Q

The collection of root are originating from

A. Ventral root
B. Dorsal root
C. Ventral rami
D. Dorsal rami

A

C. Ventral rami

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3
Q

Patient has an over stretch at his upper limb. What is most likely damaged ?

A. Brachial
B. Sacral
C. Lumbar plexus
D. None of the above

A

A. Brachial

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4
Q

Ahmad was playing football. Then, his leg is fractured. This injury is classified as :

A. Thermal
B. Avulsion
C. Crush
D. Laceration

A

B. Avulsion

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5
Q

A 34 year old patient who had a lesion at posterior nerve root. The symptom :

A. Paralysis of muscle
B. Pain at muscle
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

A

B. Pain at muscle

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6
Q

One of the following is true :

A. Lesion at Clark’s nucleus causes impairment of NMS.
B. It is located at ventral horn
C. It starts at C8 to T1

A

A. Lesion at Clark’s nucleus causes impairment of NMS

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7
Q

Patient had a lesion at L5 segment . He lost the light touch and pressure sensation, where as pain is intact. The patient has a lesion at:

A. Lateral spinothalamic and its contra
B. Anterior spinothalamic and its contra
C. Anterior spinothalamic and its Ipsilateral

A

B. Anterior spinothalamic and its contra

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8
Q

The myelination process of PNS is done by:

A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Schwann cell
C. Astrocyte cell
D. None of the above

A

B. Schwann cell

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9
Q

Compression of the nerve and the epineurium and endoneurium are intact ?

A. Axonomtesis
B. Neuromtesis
C. Neuroaproxia
D. Neuroma

A

A. Axonomtesis

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10
Q

The patient who can not control his muscle length. He most likely has damage to :

A. Golgi spindle
B. Muscle spindle
C. A and B
D. None of the above

A

C. A and B

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11
Q

Radial tunnel syndrome is different than posterior interosseous syndrome through

A. Radial tunnel syndrome is lack of motor deficit
B. PIS is a syndrome of radial nerve compression
C. They are both motor and sensory
D. All of the above

A

A. Radial tunnel syndrome is lack of motor deficit

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12
Q

Clumsiness is a sign of

A. Positive sensory
B. Negative sensory
C. Motor

A

C. Motor

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13
Q

Ahmad is 7 years old and he had an X-ray. What is your expectation about his spinal cord ?

A

It ends at L3

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14
Q

A 22 year old male falls and hits his back on a rock while attempting to rock climb. He fractures his vertebral column. When tested in the hospital, he has no motor control on portions of his left lower extremity, most notably his left foot, as well as other neurologic deficits. The loss of motor control to his foot, but not his thigh musculature could be due to a specific contusion of the :

A

Lateral side of the anterior horn

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15
Q

Which tract ascend through the lateral funiculus ?

A

Spinalthalamic

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16
Q

One patient who was a fire man. He was exposed to the flame. After that, the doctor told him that he should do nerve graft procedure. Which of the following is true . This injury is:

A

Thermal

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17
Q

The neuroma happens after what injury ?

A

Crush injury

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18
Q

One patient did the nerve conduction velocity test. The result was ….

According to this figure, what is your evaluation ?

A

No myelination

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19
Q

One of the following about right optic tract complete lesion is true

A

Left visual fields of both eyes will be affected

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20
Q

A patient was unable to move the eyeball to the side and upward

A

Lesion in the midbrain

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21
Q

Myadriasis can be caused due to a lesion in one of the following nerves

A

Oculomotor

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22
Q

Which one of the following signs of Parkinson’s disease become more expressed in the LATE stage of the disease

A

Postural disturbances

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23
Q

Involuntary slow movements that stops at sleep is called

A

Athetosis

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24
Q

A patient complains of problems in standing upright against gravity with straight posture. The lesion is in one of the following tracts:

A

Vestibulospinal tract

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25
Q

Continuous resistance to passive stretch in bidirectional movements, which occur in normal range of motion is called:

A

Rigidity

(Spasticity is unidirectional)

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26
Q

Lesion in the midbrain can cause signs and symptoms of all of the following tracts except:

A

Olivocerebellar tract

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27
Q

One of the following answers is true about lesion of the facial nerve:

A. Loss of pain sensation of face.
B. Loss of the temperature sensation of the face.
C. Loss of the touch sensation of the face.
D. None of the above.
E. All of the above.

A

D. None of the above.

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28
Q

Iatrogenic parkinsonism can be caused as a side effect of one of the following:

A

Phenothiazines

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29
Q

A patient with high stepping gait, the lesion is located in:

A

Dorsal column lesions

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30
Q

One of the following is FALSE about lower motor neuron?

A

Ends in the posterior horn cells

(It ends in the anterior horn cells)

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31
Q

Diplegia is:

A

Paralysis of two corresponding limbs

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32
Q

In MRI, all of the following are correct about T2 image contrast EXCEPT:

A

Can show anatomical structures

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33
Q

Parkinson’s disease is:

A. Hyperkinetic disorder.
B. Hypokinetic disorder.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.

A

C. All of the above

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34
Q

Lesion in the pons can cause signs and symptoms in the reticulospinal and spinocerebellar tracts specify the exact tract:

A

Medial and anterior

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35
Q

In a patient with left hemiplegia, what part of the face might be paralyzed?

A

Only lower left part of the face

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36
Q

A blindness or reduction in vision occurs in one half of the visual field is called:

A

Homonymous hemianopsia

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37
Q

Lesion of the extrapyramidal tracts can cause all of the following except:

A

Babinski sign

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38
Q

Arnold Chieri phenomenon is a disease of:

A

Medulla oblongata

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39
Q

Lamination of the ascending tracts of the spinal cord show loss of temperature and pain LAST in:

A

Cervical

( FIRST in sacral)

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40
Q

One of the following answers is correct about Huntington’s disease

A. Autosomal abminant inherited disease.
B. There is a degeneration of GABA.
C. Has been traced to a single gene defect on chromosome 4
D. Cause choreform movements
E. All the above.

A

E. All of the above.

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41
Q

Medial medullary syndrome include:

A. Hemiparesis
B. upper motor neuron lesion signs
C. Paralysis of tongue muscles.
D. Involvement of the medial lemniscus.
E. All of the above.

A

E. All of the above.

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42
Q

The patient complains of loss of pain and temperature of the contralateral side of the lesion. He also complains of loss of tactile discrimination, vibratory and proprioceptive of the ipsilateral side of the lesion with ipsilateral band of cutaneous anesthesia in the segment of the lesion. This patient is suffering from?

A

Brown-squared syndrome

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43
Q

A patient MRI showed all lesion in the right side of the upper cervical region of the spinal cord, the patient will suffer from:

A

Loss of fine touch of the right side of the body

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44
Q

In hypoglossal lower motor neuron lesion, the tongue will

A

Be deviated toward the lesion side

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45
Q

Nystagmus is a sign of:

A

Brainstem

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46
Q

Loss of gag reflex in coma patient indicates

A

Brain death

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47
Q

A patient lost his fine skilled voluntary movements of the upper limbs (distal part), the lesion is on

A

Corticospinal tract

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48
Q

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease result from the loss of dopaminergic cells in:

A

Substantia nigra

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49
Q

In a pt with syringomyelia, he might complain of all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Loss of touch sensation

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50
Q

A patient was unable to turn the head toward a painful stimulus is suffering from

A

Lesion in spinotectal tract

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51
Q

All of the following are false about the non-myelinated nerve fibers EXCEPT:

A

Covered by the mesaxon

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52
Q

Choreiform movement is

A

Quick jerky irregular movements

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53
Q

Sinus, slow writhing movement that affects the distal end of limbs is called

A

Athetosis

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54
Q

A disease of childhood in which there are rapid, irregular, involuntary movements of the limbs, face, and trunk is called

A

Sydenham chorea

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55
Q

A patient was unable to turn the head toward a visual stimulus is suffering from:

A

Lesion in tectospinal tract

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56
Q

One of the following is NOT an upper motor neuron disease symptom

A

Atrophy

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57
Q

In a pathological condition, a low Amplitude shape of a nerve conduction velocity is caused by

A

Damage of the Axons

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58
Q

Coma will immediately follow the lesion of the

A

Reticular formation of brainstem

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59
Q

Occlusion of vertebrobasilar causes all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Contralateral Horner syndrome

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60
Q

All of the following medications are used to treat severe pain EXCEPT

A

Codeine

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61
Q

The cerebellum contains the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT

A

Hypertonia

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62
Q

Thalamus relays sensation of all of the following EXCEPT

A

Olfactory

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63
Q

An occlusion of which of the following arteries can cause damage to medulla oblongata?

A. Anterior cerebellar
B. Superior cerebellar
C. PICA
D. All of the above

A

C. PICA

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64
Q

Patient lost half of his visual field after CVA, which of the following arteries is blocked

A

Choroidal artery

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65
Q

All of the following are signs of posterior cerebellar syndrome except

A

Nystagmus

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66
Q

A soldier lost his lower limb in the war. After 8 months, he still feels the pain in his lost limb

A

Phantom pain

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67
Q

Lesion in hippocampus causes

A

Alzheimer

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68
Q

Poikilothermic patient with pinpoint pupils have a lesion in:

A

Basilar artery that supplies pons

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69
Q

Ipsilateral pain and temperature of the face and contralateral of pain and temperature of the body caused by occlusion to:

A

Vertebrobasillar artery

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70
Q

All of the following are true about impairment of cerebral blood flow EXCEPT

A

Heart disease

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71
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg contain the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT

A

Thermoanesthesia (Contralateral face)

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72
Q

Dysdiadochokinase :

A

Alternative movement

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73
Q

All of the following is the role of cerebellum EXCEPT?

A

Initiate the movement

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74
Q

Split brain syndrome can be caused by damage to:

A

Corpus callosum

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75
Q

Damage in long-term memory:

A

Hippocampus

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76
Q

All the following are speech areas EXCEPT:

A. 4
B. 22
C. 44
D. 45
E. 20

A

E. 20

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77
Q

Problem in the sight is due to lesion of all of the following areas EXCEPT?

A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 8
E. 11

A

E. 11

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78
Q

Problem in the sight is due to lesion of all of the following areas EXCEPT :

A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 8
E. 11

A

E. 11

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79
Q

A patient suffers from astereognosis , which area is affected

A

Area 5

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80
Q

Visceral pain is considered as:

A

Referred pain

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81
Q

Lesion in Broca’s area leads to

A

Expressive aphasia

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82
Q

Lesion in Wernicke’s area leads to

A

Receptive aphasia

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83
Q

All of the following are signs of cerebellar syndrome EXCEPT:

A. Dystonia
B. Athetosis
C. Spastic
D. Paresis

A
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84
Q

Loss of sensory somesthetic in one ARM is due to occlusion in which artery

A

Middle cerebral artery

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85
Q

Loss of sensory somesthetic in one LEG is due to occlusion in which artery

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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86
Q

One of the following is wrong about orbeture pain

A
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87
Q

Medial medullary syndrome includes

A. Hemiparesis
B. Upper motor neuron lesion sign
C. Paralysis of tongue muscles.
D. Involvement of the medial lemniscus.
E. All of the above.

A

E. All of the above.

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88
Q

Central pain is caused by a lesion in which area

A

Thalamus

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89
Q

Spastic paresis is which area

A

Area 4

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90
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia is a sign of lesion in ?

A

Cerebellum

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91
Q

Cerebellar tonsile herniation from foramen magnum is seen in

A

Arnold chair malformation

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92
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of parietal lobe injury?

A. Sensory disturbances.
B. Astereognosia
C. Aphasia.
D. Agnosia.
E. All of the above.

A

E. All of the above.

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93
Q

In which area the patient has hearing problems

A. 41
B. 21
C. 22
D. 39

A

A. 41

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94
Q

Precentral (motor) gyrus lesion causes

A

Contralateral hemiparesis

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95
Q

Continuous resistance to passive stretch in bidirectional movements which occur in normal range of motion is called:

A

Rigidity

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96
Q

All of the following cause Pontine hemorrhage EXCEPT

A
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97
Q

The signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may vary among patients, but they always result from compression of what structure in the carpal canal?

A

Median nerve

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98
Q

Patient who has a compression of the medium nerve around the elbow and palmar side of the forearm

A. Anterior interosseous syndrome
B. Carpal tunnel syndrome.
C. Pronator syndrome.
D. Posterior interosseous syndrome

A
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99
Q

Guyon’s canal syndrome is an entrapment of a nerve as it passes through a tunnel in the wrist called guyon’s canal. Which nerve is this?

A

Ulnar nerve

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100
Q

Numbness is one of the

A

Positive signs

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101
Q

Clumsiness is a sign of

A

Motor

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102
Q

Which tract ascends through the lateral funiculus

A

Spinalthalamic

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103
Q

Which of these ascending spinal tract neurons will decussate ?

A. First order.
B. Second order.
C. Third order.
D. None of the above.

A

B. Second order

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104
Q

How many plexus groups branch off the spinal cord?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 2

A

D. 4

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105
Q

A 22-year-old patient had a car accident. He can’t turn his head while his brother was putting a light toward his eyes. He has a lesion at?

A

Spinotectal ?

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106
Q

A 34-year-old patient who had a lesion at posterior nerve root. The symptom:

A. Paralysis of muscle.
B. Pain at muscle.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.

A

B. Pain at muscle.

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107
Q

Patient had a lesion at L5 segment. He lost the light touch and pressure sensation , where as pain is intact. The patient has a lesion at:

A

Anterior spinothalamic and its contra

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108
Q
A
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109
Q
A

Posterior column right side

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110
Q

Occlusion of which of the following arteries can cause damage to the medulla oblongata

A

PICA

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111
Q

All of the following are signs of posterior cerebellar syndrome, EXCEPT

A. Visual agnosia
B. Impaired memory.
C. Nystagmus
D. CL hemianopia

A

C. Nystagmus

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112
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg contain the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT

A. Dysphasia.
B. Dysarthria.
C. Analgesia (ipsilateral face)
D. Thermoanesthesia (contralateral face)

A

D. Thermoanesthesia (Contralateral face)

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113
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of parietal lobe injury?

A. Sensory disturbances.
B. Astereognosis
C. Aphasia
D. Agnosia
E. All the following.

A

E. All of the following.

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114
Q

In which area does the patient have hearing problems?

A

Area 41

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115
Q

Medial medullary syndrome

A

All of the above

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116
Q

Astereognosis is which area

A

Area 5

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117
Q

Patient with deafness may have a lesion in all areas EXCEPT

A

Area 24

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118
Q

Lesion in the midbrain can cause signs and symptoms of all of the following tracts EXCEPT

A. Olivocerebellar tract
B. Spinotectal tract
C. Spinocerebellar tract
D. Vestibulospinal tract
E. Rubrospinal tract

A

A. Olivocerebellar tract

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119
Q

In MRI, all of the following are correct about T2 image contrast EXCEPT

A

Can shown anatomical structures

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120
Q

In patient with left hemiplegia , what part of the face might be paralyzed

A

Only lower left part of the face

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121
Q

Arnold chairi phenomenon is a disease of :

A

Medulla oblongata

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122
Q

Nystagmus is a sign of

A

Brainstem

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123
Q

A patient was unable to turn the head toward a visual stimulus is suffering from

A

Lesion is tectospinal

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124
Q

A patient was unable to turn the head toward a painful stimulus is suffering from

A

Lesion in the spinotectal

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125
Q

The cerebellum contain the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT:

A

Hypertonia

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126
Q

Speech area except

A. 4
B. 22
C. 44
D. 45
E. 20

A

E. 20

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127
Q

All of the following are signs of Cerebellar syndrome except

A

Athetosis

128
Q

Precentral gyrus lesion

A

Contralateral hemiparesis

129
Q

Which of the following injury is an example of open wood injury?

A. Crush.
B. Avulsion.
C. Laceration.
D. Thermal.

A

Laceration

130
Q

Which of the following injuries in neurons can happen

A. Crush.
B. Avulsion.
C. Laceration.
D. Thermal

A

A. Crush

131
Q

Bone can be involved in which of the following injuries

A. Laceration.
B. Crush.
C. Avulsion.
D. Thermal.

A

C. Avulsion.

132
Q

Endoneurium, epineurium, and perineurium are intact, in which of the following processes

A. Neurapraxia.
B. Axonotmesis
C. Neurotemsis
D. None of the above.

A

Axonotmesis

133
Q

Drop wrist and watrenberg are caused by

A. Injury to median nerve
B. Injury to ulnar nerve.
C. Injury to radial nerve.
D. Injury to musculocutaneous nerve.

A

C. Injury to radial nerve

134
Q

Watrendberg is:

A. Motor injury.
B. Sensory injury.
C. Motor and sensory.
D. None of the above.

A

B. Sensory injury.

135
Q

Foot drop is a symptom of which of the following injuries:

A. Femoral nerve.
B. Obturator nerve
C. Perineal nerve
D. Tibial nerve

A

C. Perineal nerve

136
Q

X represent what ?

A. Amplitude.
B. Latency
C. Duration.
D. None of the above.

A

A. Amplitude

137
Q

If amplitude was weak, that means what:

A. Damage in dendrites
B. Damage in neurium
C. Damage in axon
D. Damage in soma

A

C. Damage in axon

138
Q

Y represents what :

A. Amplitude.
B. Latency.
C. Duration.
D. None of the above.

A

C. Duration.

139
Q

Y represents what regarding nerve velocity ?

A. Damage on axon
B. Myelination
C. Compression.
D. All of the above.

A

B. Myelination

140
Q

Z represents what :

A. Amplitude.
B. Latency.
C. Duration.
D. None of the above.

A

B. Latency.

141
Q

Z or latency is used to know what:

A. Compression.
B. Myelination.
C. Strength.
D. All of the above.

A

A. Compression

142
Q

Normal nerve velocity is

A. 50
B. 70
C. 150
D. 200

A

50 m/s

143
Q

One of the following about right optic tract complete lesion is true:

A. Only nasal visual field will be affected.
B. Complete blindness of the right eye.
C. Blindness of both eyes.
D. Left visual field of both eyes will be affected.

A

D. Left visual field of both eyes will be affected.

144
Q

One of the following about right optic nerve complete lesion is true:

A. Only nasal field will be affected.
B. Complete blindness of the right eye.
C. Blindness of both eyes.
D. Left visual field of both eyes will be affected.

A

B. Complete blindness of the right eye.

145
Q

Mydriasis can be caused because of a lesion in one of the following nerves

A

Oculomotor

146
Q

Trochlear nerve innervates which of the following muscles:

A. Superior oblique.
B. Inferior oblique.
C. Medial rectus.
D. Lateral rectus.

A

A. Superior oblique.

147
Q

Which of the following is responsible of sensation of your face?

A. Facial.
B. Abducent.
C. Optic
D. Trigeminal.

A

D. Trigeminal nerve

148
Q

In patients with left hemiplegia, what part of their face could be paralyzed?

A. All upper left part of the face.
B. All upper right part of the face.
C. Only lower left part of the face.
D. Only lower right part of the face

A

C. Only lower left part of the face.

149
Q

In hypoglossal nerve (lower motor neuron lesion) the tongue will:

A. Deviated toward lesion side.
B. Deviated towards normal side.
C. Be normal and symmetrical in size.
D. Have abnormal electrical potential.

A

A. Deviated toward lesion side.

150
Q

Which of the following optic nerve reflex can be done by trigeminal and facial nerve?

A. Direct reflex
B. Corneal reflex.
C. Visual body reflex.
D. pupillary skin reflex

A

B. Corneal reflex.

151
Q

Which of the following nerve can cause pedantic syndrome?

A. Optic
B. Olfactory.
C. Oculomotor.
D. trochlear

A

C. Oculomotor.

152
Q

You had one patient who has a lesion in the right upper motor neuron, regarding to that, which of the following is true?

A. Right lower part of the face will be paralyzed.
B. Left lower part of the face will be paralyzed.
C. One side of the face will be paralyzed.
D. Both side of the face will be paralyzed.

A

B. Left lower part of the face will be paralyzed.

153
Q

Which of the following part is responsible for a long-term memory

A

Hippocampus

154
Q

Patient who have problem in the thought process is because of a lesion in all of the following except

A. 11
B. 17
C. 18
D. 19

A

Weird question

A. 11

155
Q

One of the following is a sign of a lesion in area number 17

A. Patient can’t talk.
B. Patient can’t see.
C. Patient can’t understand words.
D. All of the above.

A

B. Patient can’t see.

156
Q

Postcentral gyrus lesion leads to

A. Contralateral hemisphere.
B. Contralateral loss of sensory
C. Ipsilateral hemisphere.
D. Ipsilateral loss of sensory.

A

B. Contralateral loss of sensory.

(If precentral gyrus lesion, it will be contralateral hemisphere)

157
Q

Continuous resistance in passive stretch that happens in a unidirectional movement is called

A

Spasticity

158
Q

Involuntary movement that presents in trunk and flexor muscles

A. Myelonus
B. Tremor
C. Athetosis
D. Chorea

A

D. Chorea

159
Q

Involuntary slow movement that stops during sleep

A

Athetosis

160
Q

Quadriplegia is:

A

Paralysis of all four limbs

161
Q

Lamination of ascending tracts of spinal cord show loss of temperature and pain FIRSTLY in:

A

Sacral

162
Q

A patient who did MRI shows lesion in right side of upper cervical

A

Loss of fine touch of right side

163
Q

Patient who lost fine skilled voluntary movement of upper limb, so the lesion will be

A

Corticospinal tract

164
Q

All of the sensory pathways relay on cerebral cortex except

A. Optic.
B. Olfaction
C. Auditory

A

Olfaction

165
Q

Which of the following statements is correct regarding thalamic pain

A. Occurs in ipsilateral side of the body.
B. Decreased by light touch or cold.
C. Increased by fine touch.
D. Occurs in opposite side of the body.

A

D. Occurs in opposite side of the body.

166
Q

All of the following are true regarding the thalamic hand EXCEPT

A. Contralateral hand.
B. Wrist is supinated and flexed.
C. MTP joints are flexed.
D. Fingers can move actively.

A

B. Wrist is supinated and flexed.

(it could be pronated and flex)

167
Q

Unpleasant abnormal sensation is called

A

Dysesthesia

168
Q

Increase in response to stimulus, which is normally painful is called

A

Hyperalgesia

169
Q

Increase sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special sense

A

Hyperesthesia

170
Q

Which of the following is a type of neuropathic pain?

A. organ pain
B. Allodynia
C. None of the above

A

B. Allodynia

171
Q

Which of the following is responsible of stimulation of kinase receptors?

A. Bradykinin
B. Histamine
C. Serotonin.
D. All of the above.

A

D. All of the above.

172
Q

One of the following is NOT true regarding to pain assessment

A. It’s objective.
B. It’s subjective.
C. Left side has no pain.
D. Right side has severe pain.

A

A. It’s objective

173
Q

Which of the following pain assessments is used to evaluate the last 24 hours

A. Visual analogue scale
B. Verbal description scale.
C. Numeric rating scale.
D. Face pain scale.

A

C. Numeric rating scale

174
Q

Which of the following is used with severe pain?

A. Acetaminophen.
B. Codeine.
C. Tramadol.
D. Morphine.

A

D. Morphine

175
Q

which one of the following can be found in Parkinson’s disease?

A. Bradykinesia.
B. Postural disturbances.
C. Tremor
D. All of the above.

A

D. All of the above.

176
Q

Involuntary movements that happens at one side of the proximal muscles

A. Parkinson’s disease.
B. hemipalesim (hemiballismus)
C. Athetosis
D. Choreiform

A

B. Hemiballismus

177
Q

Astrocytoma is a disease that happens in the:

A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata.
C. Midbrain.
D. All of the above

A

A. Pons

178
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves is found in the midbrain?

A. Oculomotor
B. Facial
C. Hypoglossal

A

A. Oculomotor

179
Q

The patient can’t move his face, so the lesion will be in the:

A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Midbrain
D. All of the above

A

A. Pons

180
Q

Which of the following arteries innervates the MEDIAL part of the cerebellum?

A. AICA
B. SCA
C. PICA
D. None of the above

A

C. PICA

181
Q

Occlusion of which artery cause Wallenberg syndrome?

A. PICA
B. AICA
C. SCA
D. All of the above

A

A. PICA

182
Q

Intention tremor in the cerebellum can happen because there is damage in the:

A. Cerebellum.
B. PICA
C. Rubrolivocerebellar tract
D. All of the above

A

C. Rubrolivocerebellar tract

183
Q

Occlusion to which of one of the arteries can cause damage to the medulla oblongata

A

PICA

184
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible of excitation pain reticular formation

A. Serotonin.
B. Glutamine.
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA

A

C. Acetylcholine

185
Q

A lesion in the hippocampus results in:

A. Anterior grade amnesia.
B. Posterior grade amnesia.
C. None of the above.
D. All of the above.

A

A. Anterior grade amnesia.

186
Q

There was an experiment in animals in which evaluating the damage in reticular formation, it indicated that the reticular formation is responsible for:

A. Consciousness.
B. Emotions.
C. Learning.
D. None of the above.

A

A. Consciousness.

187
Q

Epilepsy may be due to inhibition of:

A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata.
C. Reticular formation.
D. Midbrain.

A

C. Reticular formation.

188
Q

Which one of the following will lead to the worst symptoms of schizophrenia?

A. Phenothiazine.
B. Serotonin.
C. Dopamine.
D. All of the above.

A

A. Phenothiazine

189
Q

Clubfoot syndrome can result from:

A. Removing bilateral reticular formation.
B. Removing bilateral temporal lobes/bones ?
C. Removing medulla oblongata.

A

B. Removing bilateral temporal bones/lobes

190
Q

Aura of acoustic and olfactory experience can be present in the dysfunction of :

A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata.
C. Temporal lobe.
D. All of the above.

A

C. Temporal lobe.

191
Q

One of the following are signs of cerebellar syndrome :

A. Dystonia.
B. Athetosis
C. Spastic.
D. Paresis

A

A. Dystonia

192
Q

Know where each artery supplies

A
193
Q
A

Aneurysm
(Swollen blood vessels)

194
Q
A

Hemorrhage

195
Q

Where is the problem ?

What is this artery responsible for?

Damage to this artery can cause ?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

Vision (supplies occipital lobe)

  • Blindness
  • Hemianopia
196
Q
A

Tumor

197
Q
A

CVA stroke

198
Q
A

Herniated disc

199
Q

Label and mention their importance

A
200
Q

Where is the problem

A

Main MCA

201
Q

Where is the problem

A

Anterior MCA

202
Q

Where is the problem

A

Middle MCA

203
Q

Where is the problem

A

Posterior MCA

204
Q

Where is the problem

A

PCA

205
Q

Where is the problem

A

ACA

206
Q

Where is the problem

A

Cortical MCA

207
Q

Where is the problem

A

Perforator

208
Q

Bone can be involved in which injury

A

Avulsion

209
Q

Erb’s palsy involves which nerve

A

Axillary nerve

210
Q

Watenberg is a

A

Sensory injury

211
Q

What does a weak amplitude mean

A

Damage in the axon

212
Q

Excessive smallness or contraction of the pupil in the eye is

A

Myosis (miosis)

213
Q

The dilation of pupil of the eye is

A

Mydriasis

214
Q

One of the following about right optic tract complete lesion is true

A

Left visual field of both eyes are lost

215
Q

One of the following about right optic nerve complete lesion is true

A

Complete blindness of the right eye

216
Q

Mydriasis can be caused by which nerve injury

A

Oculomotor

217
Q

Trochlear nerve supplies which muscle

A

Superior oblique muscle

218
Q

Which nerve is responsible for sensation of face

A

Trigeminal

219
Q

In a patient with left hemiplegia, which part of face could be paralyzed

A

Lower left quadrant

220
Q

Blindness or reduction of half vision can happen in

A

Hemaniopia

221
Q

In hypoglossal upper motor neuron lesion, the tongue will :

A

Deviate to normal side

222
Q

Which of the following nerves can cause Benedict syndrome

A

Oculomotor

223
Q

One patient has a lesion in right upper motor neuron facial nerve , which statement is true

A

Left lower

224
Q

All of the following are a part of speech except

41
45
44
20

A

20

225
Q

Postcentral gyrus lesion leads to

A

Contralateral sensory loss

226
Q

Precentral gyrus lesion leads to

A

Contra motor

227
Q

All are abnormal potential that can be seen during an EMG testing, except:

A. Fibrillation potential.
B. Insertion potential.
C. Positive sharp wave.
D. Electrical potential at rest
E. All are abnormal potential.

A

B. Insertion potential.

228
Q

True or false
Thalamus pain occurs on opposite side of the body

A

True

229
Q

True or false

Regarding thalamic hand, wrist is supinated and flexible

A

False

Pronated and flexed

230
Q

Which part of the hypothalamus causes anorexia

A

Lateral hypothalamus

231
Q

Insomnia occurs because of:

A

Hypothalamus

232
Q

Lesion in which area can cause anomia

A

37

233
Q

All of the following are signs of CEREBRAL syndrome, except:

A

DYSTONIA

234
Q

All of the following are signs of CEREBELLAR syndrome, except

A

SPASTIC

235
Q

Medication that does not have high opioids

A

Bupremorphine

236
Q

Precentral gyrus lesion will cause

A

Contralateral Hemiparesis

237
Q

Postcentral gyrus lesion will cause

A

Contralateral sensory damage

238
Q

Lesion in Wernick area causes what type of aphasia

A

Receptive aphasia

239
Q

Less sensitivity to stimulus excluding special senses

A

Hypoesthesia

240
Q

Patient has decorticate in arm

A

Flexion pattern

241
Q

Patient has decerebrate in arm

A

Extension pattern

242
Q
A

Multiple sclerosis

(Swelling of spinal cord)

243
Q

Lesion where person can’t move eyes away to the side laterally happens in?

A

Pons

(Abducens nerve is located there)

244
Q

Lesion where person can’t move eyes away to the side downward happens in

A

Midbrain

245
Q

Regarding GCS for decerebrate, patient score is

A

2

246
Q

Regarding GCS for decorticate , patient score is

A

3

247
Q

All are true about impairment in cerebellum blood flow except

A

Heart dies/disease

248
Q

What is rigidity?

A

Bilateral resistance

249
Q

What is spasticity?

A

Unilateral resistance

250
Q

Middle cerebral artery :

  • parasylvian
  • superior division
  • inferior division

What happens when each one is damaged

A

Parasylvian:
- contralateral weakness and sensory loss of face and hand
- conduction aphasia
- gerstmann’s syndrome (if on left side)
-Apraxia
- Constructional dyspraxia (if on right side)

Superior division :
- contralateral hemiplegia
- Hemisensory loss
- gaze palsy
- spatial neglect
- Broca’s aphasia (if on left side)

Inferior division:
- Contralateral hemaniopia
- Upper quadrant anopsia
- Wernick’s aphasia (if on left side)
- constructional dyspraxia (if on right side)

251
Q

What happens if 2 is damaged ?

A. Motor
B. Vision
C. Auditory
D. All of the above

A

B. Vision

252
Q

Patient can’t flex the digit 2nd, 3rd, with thenar atrophy

A

Pops hand ???

253
Q

Patient has injury in his arm by sharp glass, the wound was deep and involved nerve injury called

A

Laceration

254
Q

Central pain lesion

A

Thalamus

255
Q

Patient has decorticate in his arm

A

Flexion pattern

256
Q

Patient has decerebrate in his arm

A

Extension pattern

257
Q

Do you want to be stable on the floor while standing, The responsible tract is?

A

Vestibulospinal + reticulospinal

258
Q

You saw a lion in front of you and you run away, the responsible tract is

A

Rubrospinal tract + medullary reticulospinal tract

259
Q

Tract that is responsible for stability

A

Vestibulospinal and pontine reticulospinal

260
Q

Ulnar nerve lesion/entrapment is called

A

Guyon’s tunnel/cannal

261
Q

Median nerve lesion is called

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

262
Q

Abducens nerve is located

A

Pons

263
Q

Lesion where person can’t move eyes away to the side laterally happens in?

A

Pons

(Bc Abducens)

264
Q

Lesion where person can’t move eyes downward

A

Midbrain

265
Q

Tetraplegia is

A

Lesion in 4 limbs

266
Q

Cut/lesion to medulla oblongata ?

A

Contralateral (motor and sensory)

267
Q

Cut/lesion to spinal cord

A

Ipsilateral motor
Contralateral sensory (pain and temperature)

268
Q

Patient is unable to move the upper limb (when overstretch axilla part) after sleeping, which plexus is damaged

A

Brachial plexus

269
Q

Patient is unable to blindly exact position in space of lower limb, lesion in?

A

Medial leminiscus system

270
Q

Patient stable → painful against gravity

A

Tectospinal

271
Q

Patient stable → without pain against gravity

A

Vestibulospinal

272
Q

Broadman area site of brain awareness

A

11

273
Q

The myelination process of PNS is done by

A

Schwann cells

274
Q

A 38-year-old woman worker. She sustained laceration at dorsoradial aspect of the thumb. This most likely represents laceration of which syndrome.

A

Waterburg syndrome

275
Q

All of the following are signs of posterior cerebellar syndrome except

A

Nystagmus

276
Q

One of the following are signs of cerebellar syndrome

A

Dystonia

277
Q

Patient who has a compression of the median nerve around the elbow and palmar side of the forearm ?

A

Pronator syndrome

278
Q

Which of these ascending spinal tract neurons will decussate

A

Second order

279
Q

How many plexus groups branch from the spinal cord

A

4 !

280
Q

A 22 year old patient had a car accident. He cant turn head while his brother was putting a light toward his eyes . He has lesion at

A

Spinotectal / tectospinal

281
Q
A

Posterior horn

282
Q
A

Posterior column if the right side

283
Q
A

Tumor

284
Q

The patient is unable to run away from a dangerous situation. What could be injured?

A

Rubrospinal tract

285
Q

Patient has wrist pain due to repetitive movements, especially when hand down and outside

A

Guyon

(I think its carpal tunnel)

286
Q

You want to be stable on the floor while standing , the responsible tracts are

A

Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal

287
Q

You saw a lion in front of you and you run away?
Responsible tracts are

A

Rubrospinal tract and medullary reticulospinal

288
Q

Tracts responsible for stability

A

Vestibulospinal and pontine reticulospinal

289
Q

Which of the following is used to produce MRI images?

A. H
B. O2
C. CO2
D. N2

A

A. H+

290
Q

The internal capsule is supplied by which of the following arteries

A. Ophthalmic artery
B. Choroidal artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
D. All of the above

A

B. Choroidal artery

291
Q

Which of the following results of PET scan indicates normal function of the brain?

A. Increased CO2.
B. Increased hydrogen.
C. Decreased oxygen.
D. Decreased CO2.

A

D. Decreased CO2.

292
Q

Which of the following is not an effect of pain?

A. Increased heart rate.
B. Increased glucose levels
C. Increased GI mobility
D. Increased muscle tension.

A

C. Increased GI mobility

293
Q

Which of the following inhibits the transmission of pain?

A. Bradykinin
B. Prostaglandins
C. Enkephalins
D. Substance P

A

Enkephalins

294
Q

Which of the following is not true about C-fibers transduction ?

A. Unmyelinated.
B. Dull aching pain
C. Elicited by thermal stimuli
D. Slow pain

A

C. Elicited by thermal stimuli

295
Q

Pain perception process

A
  1. Transduction
  2. Peripheral transmission
  3. Modulation
  4. Central transmission
  5. Perception
296
Q

Which of the following is a synthetic opioid prescribed for moderate pain?

A. Tramadol.
B. Codeine.
C. Morphine.
D. meperidine

A

A. Tramadol

297
Q

Destruction of the amygdaloid complex will lead to all of the following except:

A. Passive person.
B. Emotional instability.
C. Memory loss.
D. Increase appetite.

A

C. Memory loss

298
Q

Schizophrenia is associated with injury to:

A. Limbic system
B. Amygdaloid complex
C. Temporal lobe dysfunction
D. Reticular formation

A

A. Limbic system

299
Q

Wallenberg syndrome is associated with injury of:

A. PICA
B. AICA
C. SCA
D. All of the above

A

A. PICA

300
Q

Which of the following is not associated with cerebellar lesions?

A. Ataxia
B. Hypotonia
C. Pendular nystagmus
D. Resting tremor

A

D. Resting tremor

301
Q

Resting tremors are associated with?

A

Parkinson

302
Q

What kind of tremors do you see with cerebellar lesions?

A

During active purposeful movements

303
Q

Injury to CN 7 is associated with

A. Midbrain
B. Pons
C. Medulla
D. Cerebellum

A

B. Pons

304
Q

All of the following arteries can be involved in Pontine hemorrhage, except:

A. Basilar artery.
B. Anterior cerebellar
C. Posterior cerebellar
D. Inferior cerebellar
E. Superior cerebellar

A

C. Posterior cerebellar

305
Q

All of the following are true about decerebrate except

A

Flexion

306
Q

What will happen if the medial region of hypothalamus is affected?

A

Obesity

(Satiety)

307
Q

All of the following are thalamic hand, except:

A

IP joints are flexed

(IP joints are extended, MCP are flexed , wrist is pronated and flexed)

308
Q

All of the following in hypothalamus except

A

Depression ?

(Rage, insomnia, sleep disturbances are correct)

309
Q

Which region of the hypothalamus can cause anorexia

A

Lateral

310
Q

Which region of the hypothalamus can cause extreme obesity

A

Medial

311
Q

Which part of hypothalamus is hunger center

A

Lateral

312
Q

Which region of hypothalamus is satiety center

A

Medial

313
Q

Overuse of wrists from heavy, gripping and twisting, and repeated hand and wrist movements and cause pins and needles burning sensation. Working the hand in a bent outward position will squeeze the nerves located in which tunnel.

A

Guyon’s tunnel (ulnar nerve)

314
Q

What decreases nerve velocity

A. Ultrasound
B. TENS
C. ICE
D. Massage
E. All of the above

A

C. ICE

315
Q

Lesion in limbic system causes

A

Schizophrenia

316
Q

Abnormal spontaneous sensation that is pleasant (not unpleasant)

A

Paresthesia

317
Q

All of the following are due to lesions in the cerebellum except

A. Nystagmus
B. Dysdiadokinesia
C. Paresis
D. Dysarthria

A

C. Paresis

🟡 Neuroscience 🟡 (3 decks)

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