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🟡 Neuroscience 🟡 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum means

A

Little brain

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2
Q

Cerebellum is the largest part of the ________________.

A

Hindbrain

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3
Q

True or false
Cerebellum has an important role in motor control

A

True

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4
Q

Functions of the cerebellum (hint:6)

A

Coordination
Precision
Timing of movement
Motor learning
Muscle tone
Balance and posture

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5
Q

The cerebellum connects to the brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata) via Cerebellar peduncles. What are these peduncles? Function?

A

Superior peduncle
Middle peduncle
Inferior peduncle

Function:
- connect the cerebellum to the brainstem
- send in and send out signals from the cerebellum

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6
Q

General structure of the cerebellum

A

Two hemispheres connected by the vermis

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7
Q

Layers and inner structures of the cerebellum

A

Outer grey matter (cortex)
Inner white matter

Cerebellar nuclei are embedded in the white matter
- dentate nucleus
- emboliform nucleus
- globose nucleus
- fastigial nucleus

(Don’t Eat Greasy Food)

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8
Q

Cerebellum can be divided into 3 lobes anatomically or physiologically

A

Anatomically:
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
- Flocculonodular lobe

Physiologically:
- Spinocerebellum
- Cerebrocerebellum
- Vestibulocerebellum

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9
Q

Function of:

Spinocerebellum

Cerebrocerebellum

Vestibulocerebellum

A

Spinocerebellum:
- coordination of skilled voluntary movement

Cerebrocerebellum:
- planning movements
- initiation of voluntary activity

Vestibulocerebellum:
- balance and ocular reflexes (fixation on target)

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10
Q

Cerebellar damage results in deficits in which side of the body

A

Ipsilateral (same side)

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11
Q

The blood supply of the cerebellum comes from 3 paired arteries , which are ?

A

Superior cerebellar artery SCA (basilar)

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery AICA (basilar)

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (vertebral)

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12
Q

Cerebellar dysfunction can result in DANISH

A

D - Dysdiadochokinesia (difficulty carrying out rapid alternating movements)

A - Ataxia (presence of abnormal uncoordinated movements)

N - Nystagmus (repetitive uncontrolled eye movements)

I - Intention tremor

S - Scanning speech (spoken words broken into syllables)

H- Hypotonia

(Ocular dysmetria, dysarthria, pendular reflexes)

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13
Q

How to test for dysdiadochokinesia

A
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14
Q

Prevalence of different Stroke syndromes

A

PICA (40%)

AICA (5%)

SCA (35%)

Watershed (20%)

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15
Q

PICA stroke can cause what if proximal or distal ?

A

Proximal : Wallenberg syndrome

Distal:
- medial branch : acute vertigo and truncal ataxia
- lateral branch: unsteady, limb ataxia, dysmetria without dysarthria

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16
Q

AICA stroke can cause the following symptoms:

A
  • vertigo, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus (vestibular nuclei)
  • ipsilateral facial hyperalgesia and thermoanesthesia, and corneal hypersthesia. (Trigeminal )
  • ipsilateral Horner syndrome
  • Contralateral trunk and extremity hyperalgesia and thermoanesthesia
  • ipsilateral, ataxia and asynergia
  • Ipsilateral, deafness and facial paralysis
17
Q

SCA stroke symptoms

A
18
Q

Watershed stroke symptoms

A
19
Q

Compare PICA vs SCA strokes

A

SCA has less frequent vertigo and a headache

Both have gait disturbances

SCA is more benign clinically (PICA is aggressive)

20
Q

Cerebellar stroke can possibly present with what?

A

Herniation (tonsillar or transtentorial)

21
Q

Vermis syndrome

A
22
Q

Cerebellar hemisphere syndrome

A
23
Q

Vermis received information from what?

Damage to vermis input causes what?

A

From spinal cord: position of the limbs

Damage = cerebellar ataxia (difficulty with postural adjustments)

24
Q

Intermediate zone receives input from what?

Damage to intermediate zone input results in What?

A

From red nucleus and spinal cord

Damage = rigidity and difficulty moving limbs

25
Q

Lateral zone receives input from what?

Damage leads to four types of deficits. What are they?

A

Motor and association cortices through Pons

Dentate nucleus and primary and premotor cortex .

Damage = 4 deficits
1. Ballistic movements (cerebellar ataxia)
2. Asynergia (lack of coordination of multi joint movements)
3. Hypotonia.
4. Movement timing.

26
Q

What are the postural and gait changes of Cerebellar hemisphere damage?

A

Head rotated, and flexed
Lesion side shoulder is lower

27
Q

What disturbance of reflex is present with Cerebellar hemisphere lesion?

A

Pendular knee-jerk

28
Q

Cerebellum receives input from which structures

A

Cerebral cortex
Muscles
Tendons
Joints
Vestibular nerve
Sight

29
Q

The cerebellum influences motor activity indirectly via

A

Cerebral cortex
Brainstem

🟡 Neuroscience 🟡 (3 decks)

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