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T Year > Neuro Examinations > Flashcards

Neuro Examinations Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellar examination - ispection

A

around the bed - mobility aids

posture - truncal ataxia

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2
Q

Cerebellar examination - gait

A

stance
stability
tandem walking
Romberg’s test

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3
Q

Cerebellar examination - head

A

Speech - slurred, staccato speach
Nystagmus - H test
Dysmetric saccades
Impaired smooth pursuit

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4
Q

Cerebellar examination - arms

A

finger to nose test
rebound phenomemnon
tone
dysdiadochokinesia

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5
Q

Cerebellar examination - legs

A

knee jerk reflex (L3, L4)

heel to shin test - coordination

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6
Q

Lower limb neuro exam - inspection

A

over serve around the bed - walking stick, wheelchair

Scars
Wasting
Involuntary movements
Fasciculations
Tremor

Gait

Romberg’s test

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7
Q

Lower limb neuro exam - tone

A

leg roll
leg lift
ankle clonus

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8
Q

Lower limb neuro - power

A

hip - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

knee - flexion, extension

ankle - dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion

big toe - extension

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9
Q

Lower limb neuro - reflexes

A 
knee jerk (L3/4)
ankle jerk (L5/S1)
plantar/babinski reflex (S1)
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10
Q

Lower limb neuro - sensation

A

light touch (dorsal/posterior columns and spinothalamic tracts)

pin prick sensation (spinothalamic tracts)

vibration sensation (doral/posterior columns)

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11
Q

Lower limb neuro - proprioception

A

toe up and down

dorsal/posterior columns

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12
Q

Lower limb neuro - coordination

A

heel to shin lest

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13
Q

Upper limb neuro - inspection

A 
walking aids
catheter
scars
wasting
involuntary movements
fasciculations
tremor

pronator drift

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14
Q

Upper limb neuro - tone

A

move each major joint (smooth, tone, spasticity, rigidity)

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15
Q

Upper limb neuro - power

A

shoulders - abduction (C5), adduction (C6/7)

elbow - flexion (C5/6), extension (C7)

wrist - extension (C6), flexion (C6/7)

fingers - extension (C7), abduction (T1)

thumb abduction (C8/T1)

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16
Q

Upper limb neuro - deep tendon reflexes

A 
biceps reflex (C5/6)
triceps reflex (C7)
supinator reflex (C6)
17
Q

Upper limb neuro - sensation

A

light touch (doral/posterior columns and spinothalamic tracts

pin prick sensation (spinothalamic tracts)

vibration sensation (dorsal posterior columns)

18
Q

Upper limb neuro - proprioception

A

(dorsal/posterior columns)

finger up and down

19
Q

Upper limb neuro - coordination

A

finger to nose test

dysdiadochokinesia

20
Q

UMN lesion signs

A

no fasciculation or wasting

pronator drift may be present

increased tone (spasticity) ± ankle clonus

pyramidal pattern of weakness

hyperreflexia

upping babinski reflex

21
Q

LMN lesion signs

A

wasting and fasciculation

no pronator drift

hypotonia or normal

different patterns of weakness

hyporeflexia or areflexia

normal downing babinski reflex

22
Q

Cranial nerve examination - general inspection

A

general appearance - comfortable at rest?
obvious facial asymmetries?
position of eyes
ptosis
abnormality of speech or voice
signs around the bed e.g. hearing aid, glasses

23
Q

Cranial nerve examination - (I) olfactory nerve

A

any change in sense of smell?

24
Q

Cranial nerve examination - (II) optic nerve

A

PUPILS: size, shape, symmetry

VISUAL ACUITY: snellen chart

PUPILLARY REFLEXES: direct, consensual, swinging light test, accommodation reflex

COLOUR VISION: ishihara charts

VISUAL FIELDS: wiggle finger

FUNDOSCOPY: prep, red reflex, move in closer

25
Q

Cranial nerve examination - (III, IV, VI) oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves

A

ptosis
eye movements
cover test

26
Q

Cranial nerve examination - trigeminal nerve (V)

A

sensory - forehead, cheek, jaw (light touch and pin prick)

motor - assess masseterbulk and try to close jaw

reflexes - jaw jerk, corneal reflex

27
Q

Cranial nerve examination - facial nerve (VII)

A 
raised eyebrows
closed eyes
blown out cheeks
smiling
pursed lips
closed lips

hearing changes?
taste changes?

28
Q

Cranial nerve examination - vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

A

gross hearing test
rinne’s test
weber’s test

29
Q

Cranial nerve examination - glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves (IX and X)

A 
symmetry of soft palate and uvula
say aaahhhh
gag reflex
cough
swallow
30
Q

Cranial nerve examination - accessory nerve (XI)

A

shrug shoulders

turn head

31
Q

Cranial nerve examination - hypoglossal nerve (XII)

A

wasting or fasciculations of tongue
protrude tongue - deviation?
hand on cheek tongue against it

T Year (18 decks)

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