Neuro: Embryology

Question 1

Small tuft of hair overlying the defect without any visible herniated contents

Answer 1

Spina bifida occulta

Failure of vertebral arches to close without herniation of intraspinal contents

Question 2

Protrusion of the Dura and Arachnoid,
forming a Lumbosacral cyst

Answer 2

Meningocele

Failure of Vertebral arches to close w/
herniation of Meninges but NOT Spinal cord

Question 3

Herniated lumbosacral sac and, depending on the location, paralysis and loss of Deep tendon reflexes and Sensation in the lower extremities as well as Incontinence.

A/w Type II Arnold-Chiari Syndrome

Answer 3

Meningomyelocele

(Myelo = neurons / cord)

Failure of Vertebral arches to close w/ herniation
of BOTH Meninges and Spinal cord

Question 4

Mental retardation

Answer 4

Meningoencephalocele

(encephalo = brain)

Herniation of Meninges and Brain

Meningohydroencephalocele

(hydro = CSF)

Herniation of Meninges, Brain, and CSF-containing Ventricles

Question 5

Alar plate gives rise to?

Answer 5

Sensory neurons (lateral)

Question 6

Basal plate gives rise to?

Answer 6

Motor neurons (medial)

Question 7

Sulcus limitans gives rise to?

Answer 7

Seperates the two plates,
the Alar plate and the Basal plate

Question 8

Neural Crest cell derivatives -

Answer 8

ACE PreSchool

• Aortic arch
• Connective / skeletal tissue of pharyngeal arches
• Enterochromaffin cells of intestines
• Peripheral nervous system
• Schwann cells
• CHromaffin cells of Adrenal medulla
• Odontoblasts (dental pulp genesis, dentinogenesis)
• MelanOcytes
• Leptomeninges (Arachnoid mater and Pia mater)

Question 9

Defect: Aortic arch / aorticopulmonary septum

Answer 9

Great-vessel deformities

Question 10

Defect: Pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4

Answer 10

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 11

Defect: Enterochromaffin cells (intestines)

Answer 11

Hirschsprung disease,
Achalasia (failure of the smooth muscles of the sphincter to relax, failure to open)

Question 12

Defect: Melanocytes

Answer 12

Albinism