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2nd Year - drugs > Neuro drugs > Flashcards

Neuro drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Benzocaine

A

Atypical LA
0% ionised, no amine group
(hydrophobic pathway only)

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2
Q

QX-314

A

Atypical LA
100% ionised
(not used clinically, needs to be put into cells)

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3
Q 
Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Prilocaine
Tetracaine
Articaine
A

Clinically used LAs

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4
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Partial MOP agonist

So antagonises effects if full agonist present, or otherwise just less potent agonist

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5
Q

Naloxone

A

MOP antagonist

Morphine/heroine overdose treatment

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6
Q

Codeine

A

Prodrug to morphine

some people lack enzyme needed for effectiveness

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7
Q

Fentanyl

A

Synthetic analogue of morphine

100x more potent

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8
Q

Methadone

A

Maintenance therapy for opioid addiction

Blocks heroine’s euphoric effect

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9
Q

Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Enflurane
Desflurane

A

General anaesthetics
Inhaled
Halogenated ethers

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10
Q

Propofol

A

General anaesthetic
IV
(rapid, pronapping)

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11
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

General anaesthetic

Inhaled

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12
Q

Thiopental

A

General anaesthetic
IV
Barbituate
(truth serum)

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13
Q

Ketamine

A

General anaesthetic
IV
NMDA receptor antagonist

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14
Q

Etomidate

A

General anaesthetic

IV

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15
Q

Suxamethonium

A

Depolarising neuromuscular blocker

Inactivates Na channels, bind to nicotinic receptor

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16
Q

Attracurium
Veruconium
Pancuronium

A

Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker

Antagonise nicotinic receptor

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17
Q

Levodopa

A

Parkinson’s
Dopaminergic agent
- give with decarboxylase inhibitor

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18
Q

Selegiline

A

Parksinson’s

MAO-B (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor

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19
Q

Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine
Ethopropazine

A

Parkinson’s

Anticholinergic

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20
Q

Amantadine

A

Parkinson’s

Antiviral

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21
Q

Memantine

A

Parkinson’s

NMDA receptor antagonist

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22
Q

Interferons

Glatiramer

A

Multiple sclerosis

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23
Q

Fingolimod

A

Multiple sclerosis

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor inhibitor

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24
Q

Dimethylfumarate

A

Multiple sclerosis

Transcription factor

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25
Q

Teriflunomide

A

Multiple sclerosis

Anti-inflammatory immunosuppressant

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26
Q

Natalizumab

Alemtuzumab

A

Multiple sclerosis

Monoclonal antibody therapy

27
Q

Amphetamine

Atomoxetine

A

Obesity

- impulse control

28
Q

Phenothiazines - chlorpromazine

Butyrophenones - haloperidol

A

Typical antipsychotics

D2 antagonists

29
Q

Clozapine

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotics

5-HT2 (serotonin) and D2 antagonists

30
Q

Aripriprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic

5-HT2 (serotonin) and D2 partial agonist

31
Q

Morphine/heroin

A

μ opioid receptor (MOP)

  • > reduce GABA inhibition of dopamine neurones - disinhibition
  • > induces feelings of euphoria
32
Q

Cocaine

A

Stimulant

Block dopamine reuptake, so stimulate nucleus accumbens

33
Q

Amphetamine/methamphetamine

A

Stimulant
Dopamine release, and block dopamine reuptake
-> nucleus accumbens stimulation

34
Q

MDMA

A

5HT (serotonin) release, inhibits 5HT reuptake

-> nucleus accumbens stimulation

35
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol

A

= THC, in cannabis

CB1 receptors

36
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA antagonist

- reduced glutamate activity to interneurones, so can’t have inhibitory effect on nucleus accumbens

37
Q

Nicotine

A

Dopamine release to nucleus accumbens

38
Q

Ethanol

A

Increased inhibition of GABA inhibition to dopamine neurones

- so increased dopamine release to nucleus accumbens

39
Q

Antihistamines

A

Hypnotics

40
Q

Benzodiazepines
Z drugs - Zopiclone
Barbituates - phenobarbitone

A

Anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives

41
Q

Sertraline
Citralopram
Fluoxetine

A

SSRIs

42
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI

43
Q

Nitrazopam
Loprazolam
Zolpidem
Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepines

Anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives

44
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine antagonist

45
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiolytic

5HT1a partial agonist

46
Q

Propanolol

A

Anxiolytic (for peripheral symptoms)

β adrenoreceptor antagonist

47
Q

Carbamezapine
Phenytoin (only emergency as many side effects)
Lacosamide

A

Anti-epileptic drug

Focal epilepsy

48
Q

Lamotrigine
Levetriacetam
Valproate

A

Anti-epileptic

Both focal and generalised epilepsy

49
Q

Ethosuximide
Clonazepam
Piracetam

A

Anti-epileptic

Generalised epilepsy

50
Q

Lorazepam immediate

then Phenytoin

A

In convulsive status epilepticus

51
Q

Benzodiazepines
Barbituates
Sodium valproate

A

AEDs

Enhance GABA transmission at GABAa receptors

52
Q

Vigabatrin

Sodium valproate

A

AEDs

Reduce GABA breakdown

53
Q

Tiagabine

A

AED

Inhibit GABA reuptake

54
Q

AMPA antagonists - perampanel

NMDA antagonists - felbamate

A

AEDs

Reduce GABA transmission

55
Q

Carbamezepine
Phenytoin
Valproate

A

AEDs

Block voltage-gated sodium channels

56
Q

Ethosuximide
Sodium valproate
Gabapentin

A

AEDs

Block voltage-gated calcium channels

57
Q

Iproniazid
Phelenzine
Tranylcypromine
Moclobemide

A

Typical antidepressants

MAOIs

58
Q

Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Clomipramine

A

Typical antidepressants

TCAs

59
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Typical antidepressant
= prozac
SSRI

60
Q

Reboxetine

A

Typical antidepressant

SNRI

61
Q 
Venlafaxine
Trazedone
Nefazodone
Mirtazapine
Agomelatine
A

Atypical antidepressants

Mixed action

62
Q

Lithium

A

Mood stabilising drug

manic episodes

63
Q

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

A

Alzheimer’s therapy

Cholinesterase inhibitors

64
Q

Memantine

A

Alzheimer’s therapy

Partial NMDA receptor antagonist

2nd Year - drugs (5 decks)

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