Neuro Disorders Flashcards
Multiple Sclerosis
Chronic progressive degenerative autoimmyne dx dymyleniating neruons in the CNS
What affects the location of MS SS
Location of demylenation
Onset of SS of MS (MOST Common)
Episode of worsening with recover and a stable course bw relapses
Relapsing remitting
Types of Onset of MS
4 types
MRI shows MS?
Not always in early stages
HD
Genetically transmitted (50%)
Onset between 35 and 45 years
Progressive disease characterized by
Abnormal movements
Intellectual decline
Emotional disturbance (severe mood swings)
Destruction of striatum in basal ganglia
Leads to imbalance in neurotransmitters
ALS
Faster moving than MS
Does not impact the brain in cognition
Sporadic- can affect anyone
Familial- 5-10% genetically linked
For unknown reasons, motor neurons in brainstem & spinal cord gradually degenerate; dead motor cells cannot produce or transport vital signals to muscles electrical & chemical messages originating in brain do not reach muscles to activate them
The best support is ALS society
ALS SS
Tripping
Dropping things
Slurred or “thick” speech
Difficulty swallowing
Weight loss
Decreased muscle tone
Shortness of breath
Dx of ‘exclusion’
if it’s not anything else, it’s ALS
ALS Dx
A diagnosis of exclusion
Diagnostic tests likely to be ordered:
Blood and urine studies
Electrodiagnostic tests including electomyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV)
Metabolic disturbances that cause seizures in adults
Acidosis
Electrolyte imbalances
Hypoglycemia
Hypoxia
Alcohol and barbiturate withdrawal
Dehydration
Water intoxication
Biggest risk of seizures
Brain damage can occur in prolonged seizures
Tx of active sustained seizure
Benzos
Make sure we have an order for someone with seizure hx
Just know
How to treat and care for seizure pts
Status epilecticus
Medical emergency
Seizures are at risk of
Muscle breakdown lclogging capilleries and harming kidneys
Abrupt dc of seizure meds
Can be life threatening
PD
A progressive, neurodegenerative disease of the CNS (basal ganglia) characterized by TRAP:
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
Commonality of PD
Genetic link
More common in men than women (3:2 ratio)
PD
Nerve cells in the substantia nigra produce the neurotransmitter dopamine and are responsible for relaying messages that plan and control body movement. For reasons not yet understood, the dopamine-producing nerve cells of the substantia nigra begin to die off in some individuals.
PD tx by
