Neuro differentialds

Question 1

what are causes of PROXIMAL MYOPATHY

Answer 1

MUSCLE:
- Endocrine: Cushing’s, hypothyroidism, osteomalacia, hypocalcaemia, diabetic amyotrophy

• Inflammatory: dermato / polymyositis
• Congenital: muscle dystrophies (e.g. Becker’s)

NMJ:
Myasthenia Gravis, LEMSS

Question 2

causes of distal sensorimotor poly neuropathy (DISTAL WEAKNESS + ABNORMAL SENSATION)

Answer 2

Infectious: GBS, syphilis, HSV, HIV 
Trauma: disc herniation, stenosis 
Toxins: alcohol, isoniazid 
Meetabolic: B12 deficiency, DM 
Congenital: Charcot marie tooth

Question 3

causes of distal MOTOR NEUROPATHY

Answer 3

lead popisoning

porphysia,

Question 4

causes of Ptosis

Answer 4

Unilat: 3rd nerve palsy, Horner’s

Bilat: MG, congenital muscle dystrophy or absence

Question 5

causes of Horner’s

Answer 5

S Central lesion: Stroke, Sclerosis (multiple), Syringomyelia

T Pre-ganglionic: Tumour (Pancoast), thyroidectomy, cervical rib

C Post-gaglonic (Carotid artery dissection or aneurysm, cavernous sinus thrombosiss, cluster headache

Question 6

what feature indicates congenital horners

Answer 6

heterochromia

Question 7

how do you differeentiate central, preganglionic and postganglionic causes of horners

Answer 7

central: anhydrosis of face, arm, trunk
preganglionic: anhidrosis of face
postganglionic: no anhydrosis

Question 8

causes of mixed UMN and LMN disease

Answer 8

MAST

MND (ALS) 
Ataxia (friedrich) 
Anterior horn cell disease (spinal muscular atrophy, polio, MND)
Spinal Cord Degeneration (B12 def) 
Taboparesis (tertiary syphiliss)