Cardio Flashcards
what are causes of a collapsing pulse?
CARDIAC:
- aortic regurgitation
- patent ductus arteriosus
HYPERDYNAMIC CIRCULATORY STATE:
- thyrotoxicosis
- anaemia
what do you feel on checking collapsing pulse
Feel for a strong pulse with sudden drop in intensity .
what do you check for in the hands for cardio
nails: clubbing, splinter haemorrhages
hands: tendon xanthomas, osler noodes (dorsum), janeway lesions (pams)
what are cardiac caauses of clubbing
cyanotic heart disease
infective endocarditis
atrial myxoma
what do you check for in the eyes
Pallor (anaema)
corneal arcus (hyperlipidaemia)
xanthalasma (hyperlipidaemi)
Kaiser fleisher rings (wilson’s diisease – dark circles around iris)
what do you check for in the mouth
central cyanosis
high arched palate (marfanoid)
macroglossia (amyloidosis)
what do you inspect for in the chest
scars
chest wall deformities
pacemaker
what types of scars can you get tin cardio
- median sternotomy (lung or cardiac surgery)
- clavicular (pacemaker insertion)
- thoracotomy (valve repair, minimally invasive following the breast line)
causes of left parasternal heave
RV hypertrophy – pulmonary hypertension
causes of pulmonary / aortic thrill
turbulent blood flow through respective valves
what must you do while ascultating the heart
TAKE THE CAROTID PULSE
what does a displaced apex beat indicate
Dilated LV:
- AR
- MR
- ASD/VSD
what does a heaving apex beat indicate
Hypertrophied LV:
- AS
- HTN
- aortic coarctation
what is a good diffeential for aortic stenosis
aortic sclerosis
what is aortic sclerosis
DOES NOT radiate to carotid
due to calcification of the aortic valve
