Neuro-developmental Disorders

Question 1

List the 6 types of neuro-developmental disorders and their examples

Answer 1

Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity-impulsivity disorder

1. ADHD
2. Unspecified ADHD
3. Other specified ADHD

Intellectual Disability

1. Global developmental delay
2. Intellectual developmental delay
3. Unspecified intellectual delay

Communication Disorders

1. Language disorder
2. Speech sound disorders
3. Social communication disorder
4. Childhood-onset fluency disorder
5. Unspecified and other specified communication disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1. With accompanying impairment
2. Without accompanying impairment

Specific Learning Disorders

1. With impairment in writing expression
2. With impairment in reading

Motor Disorders

1. Tic disorders
2. Stereo-typic movement disorder

Question 2

DSM-5 CRITERIA ADHD

Answer 2

A. Two symptom domains: inattentivenes and hyperactivity/impulsivity
B. At least 6 symptoms of inattention and or hyperactivity/impulsivity
C. Symptoms >6 months and present in two or more settings
D. Onset prior to 12 years of age
E. Symptoms interfere social, academic or occupational functioning
F. Symptoms not as a result of another mental disorder

Question 3

Intellectual Disability

Answer 3

Deficits in intellectual functioning i.e reasoning, problem solving, learning, planning etc

Question 4

Intellectual Disability Risk factors

Answer 4

Prenatal- brain malformations, genetic syndromes
Perinatal- labour and delivery related events
Post-natal- traumatic brain injury

Question 5

Global developmental delay

Answer 5

Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning

Question 6

Language disorder

Answer 6

Difficulty in acquiring and using language due to expressive impairment i.e reduced vocabulary or limited sentence structure

Question 7

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 7

Present with:

1. Social interaction and communication problems
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour

Question 8

Tic disorders

Answer 8

Tics are sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations.

Question 9

Types of Tic disorders

Answer 9

Tourette’s disorder
Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder
Provisional tic disorder
Other specified tic disorders
Unspecified tic disorders

Question 10

Tourette’s disorder

Answer 10

Most severe of the tic disorders

Characterised by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic lasting for at least 1 year

Question 11

Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder

Answer 11

Single or multiple motor or vocal tics but not both and criteria for Tourette’s disorder has never been met

Question 12

Provisional tic disorder

Answer 12

Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics for <1 year that has never met Tourette’s criteria