Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EOR 3 - Peds > Neuro/Development > Flashcards

Neuro/Development Flashcards

1
Q

Lift head

A

2 months

same time as social smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Roll over

A

4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sit up

A 
6 months 
(same time as stranger danger)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Walk

A

1 years

same time as separation anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Root reflex

A

corner of mouth is touched –> baby turns head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sucking reflex

A

roof of babies mouth is touched –> baby begin to suck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Moro reflex

A

aka “startle reflex” –> baby throws head back, extends out arms/legs –> cries –> then pulls arms/legs back in

lasts until 5/6 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tonic Neck Reflex

A 
babys head is turned to one side 
arm on that side extends 
opposite arm bends at the elbow 
"fencing position" 
lasts until 6/7 months of age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Grasp reflex

A

stroke palmar side of hand –> baby closes fingers in a grasp
lasts until 5/6 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Babinski

A

stroke sole of foot (plantar) –> big toe bends backwards while rest of toes fan out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Meningitis is most commonly caused by?

A

encapsulated organisms - invade through upper airways and get into subarachnoid space

Neonates: E. Coli, Group B strep

Children/Adults: S. Pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis in neonates?

A

Cefotaxime + Ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis in Children?

A

ceftriaxone + Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kernig sign

A

pt is supine, flexion of neck causes flexion of the hips
POSITIVE: flexion of the hips and the knees

K for Kick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

pt is supine, knee and hip are flexed to 90 degrees and then an attempt to extend the knee is made
POSITIVE: pain in neck or back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can you tell if an infant has meningitis?

A

bulging fontanelles

toxic appearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LP for bacterial meningitis?

A

HIGH proteins
LOW glucose

be sure to do a CT before LP to prevent herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the tx for meningitis?

A

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime x 10 days

for neonates: must give ampilicillin to cover listeria and group B strep x 2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What defines a simple febrile seizure?

A

tonic clonic attack associated with fever than doesnt last for more than 15 minutes and doesnt recur within 24 hours

20
Q

What defines a complex febrile seizure?

A

> 15 minutes, focal, or recurs within 24 hours (basically an atypical simple febrile seizure)

21
Q

When are febrile seizures most common?

A

6-60months (less than 5 yo, RARE to have febrile seizures greater than 5 yo)
temps higher than 38C

22
Q

What is the workup for febrile seizures?

A

for complex febrile seizures: CT scan, LP, +/-EEG

23
Q

What is the first line treatment for absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

24
Q

What is the cause of cerebral palsy?

A

perinatal injury to the nervous system that results in motor spasticity

25
Q

What is the first line treatment for tics?

A

clonidine or BZs

26
Q

What is the rule on concussions for kids playing sports?

A

after the 3rd concussion, they should terminate the season and return next season

immediate tx:
physical rest between 24-28 hours - then graduate return to play

27
Q

What is the MC sx of concussion?

A

HA

28
Q

Turner syndrome

A

XO - absence of all or part of 2nd chromosome

nondisjunction (not inherited)

29
Q

How do pts with Turner syndrome present?

A 
webbed neck 
low set ears and lower hairline 
wide spaced nipples 
hip dysplacia 
horseshoe kidney 
short stature
primary amenorrhea
30
Q

What is the tx for Turner syndrome?

A

GH for short stature

Estrogen and progesterone for secondary sex characteristics

31
Q

What is the most common syndromic for of obesity?

A

Prader-Willi Syndrome

caused by absence of expression of long arm of chromosome 15

32
Q

How do pts with Prader-Willi Syndrome present?

A

prenatal: breech positioning, polyhramnios, reduced fetal activity

neonate: poor suck, failure to thrive, cryptorchidism
learning difficulties
food-seeking behaviors (hence obesity association)

33
Q

When do pts get tested for Prader-Willi Syndrome?

A

if they are between 2-6yo and have a hx of poor suck with global developmental delay

34
Q

How do pts with fetal alcohol syndrome present?

A 
growth deficiency (length, weight, and head circumference) 
facial abnormalities --> short palpebral fissure, epicanthal folds, maxillary hypoplasia, micrognathia, a thin smooth upper lip 
mental and developmental delays
35
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down’s syndrome
MC d/t nondisjunction (failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division)

36
Q

What is the MC chromosomal abnormality affecting children?

A

Down’s Syndrome

37
Q

Brushfield spots

A

speckling on the iris

seen in down’s syndrome

38
Q

What are some complications/associations to down’s syndrome?

A 
cardiac anomaly (tetraology of fallot) 
primary congenital hypothyroidism 
SNHL 
opthalmologic disorders 
late hip dislocations
39
Q

What is neurofibromatosis?

A

mutation on NF1 on chromosome 17
neurocutaneous disorder
MC in adolescence

these pts are at increase risk for optic nerve glioma (schwannomas), and soft tissue sarcomas

40
Q

What is Guillain Barre Syndrome?

A

post-infectious polyneuropathy

MC associated with campylobacter jejuni, EBV, and CMV

41
Q

How does Guillian Barre Syndrome present?

A

weakness in the LEs that ascends to the trunk

loss of tendon reflexes

42
Q

What would an LP show on a pt with Guillain Barre Syndrome?

A

elevated protein level, typically 2x the upper limit of normal
normal WBC

43
Q

What is the treatment for Guillain Barre Syndrome?

A

plasmapheresis or IVIG

44
Q

What is the path behind myasthenia gravis?

A

auto antibodies to acetylcholine receptors

45
Q

What are the first clinical signs of MG?

A

ptosis or extraocular muscle weakness

sxs usually increase throughout the day

46
Q

What is the dx for MG?

A

Tensilon test - admin of edrophonium chloride causes immediate improvement of eye sxs

in infants: neostigmine is used instead of edrophonium chloride d/t risk of cardiac dysrhythmias

47
Q

How is MG tx?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors - pyridostigmine (first line)

others: IVIG, plasmapheresis

Thymectomy can be used in refractory cases

EOR 3 - Peds (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions