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CORE Neuro > Neuro CORE - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Neuro CORE - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

dural ectasia associations

A

NF-1 and Marfans

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2
Q

fracture plane extending through all 3 vertebral columns

A

Chance

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3
Q

Contents: foramen ovale

A

CN V3, accessory meningeal artery

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4
Q

Contents: foramen rotundum

A

CN V2 (“R2V2”)

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5
Q

Contents: Superior Orbital Fissure

A

CN 3, CN 4, CN VI, CN6

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6
Q

Contents: Inferior Orbital Fissure

A

CN V2

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7
Q

Contents: Foramen Spinosum

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

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8
Q

Contents: Jugular Foramen

A

Jugular Vein, CN 9, CN 10, CN 11

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9
Q

Contents: Hypoglossal Canal

A

CN 12

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10
Q

Contents: Optic Canal

A

CN 2, and Opthalmic Artery

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11
Q

Contents: Foramen Lacerum

A

emissary veins

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12
Q

MRI signal: HIV encephalitis vs. PML

A
  • HIV Encephalitis is symmetric (T2 bright, Tl normal)

* PML is asymmetric (T2 bright, Tl dark)

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13
Q

Thallium: Toxo vs. lymphoma

A

Toxo = thallium cold, Lymphoma = thallium hot

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14
Q

Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: commonest

A

longitudinal is more common

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15
Q

Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: associated injuries

A

long: ossicular dislocation, trans: vascular injury (carotid/jugular)

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16
Q

Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: facial n. damage

A

more common in trans

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17
Q

Longitudinal vs. transverse t-bone fx: hearing loss

A

long: conductive, trans: sensorineural

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18
Q

Tumors! NF-1

A

Optic Nerve Gliomas

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19
Q

Tumors! NF-2

A

MSME; Multiple Schwannomas, Meningiomas, Ependymomas

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20
Q

Tumors! VHL

A

Hemangioblastoma (brain and retina)

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21
Q

Tumors! TS

A

Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma, Cortical Tubers

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22
Q

Tumors! nevoid basal cell syndrome (gorlin)

A

Medulloblastoma

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23
Q

Tumors! Turcot

A

GBM, Medulloblastoma

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24
Q

Tumors! Cowden

A

Lhermitte-Dulcos (Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma)

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25
Q

Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: ACOM

A

Interhemispheric Fissure

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26
Q

Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: PCOM

A

Ipsilateral Basal Cistern

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27
Q

Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: MCA trifurcation

A

Sylvian Fissure

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28
Q

Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: basilar tip

A

Interpeduncular Cistern, or Intraventricular

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29
Q

Maximum Bleeding - Aneurysm Location: PICA

A

Posterior Fossa or Intraventricular

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30
Q

When I say “cervical kyphosis”, you say

A

NF- 1

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31
Q

When I say “lateral thoracic meningocele,” you say

A

NF- 1

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32
Q

When I say “bilateral optic nerve gliomas,” you say

A

NF-1

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33
Q

When l say “bilateral vestibular schwannoma,” you say

A

NF-2

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34
Q

When I say “retinal hamartoma,” you say

A

TS

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35
Q

When I say “retinal angioma,” you say

A

VHL

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36
Q

When I say “brain tumor with restricted diffusion,” you say

A

lymphoma

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37
Q

When l say “brain tumor crossing the midline,” you say

A

GBM (or lymphoma)

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38
Q

When I say “Cyst and Nodule in Child,” you say

A

Pilocystic Astrocytoma

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39
Q

When I say “Cyst and Nodule in Adult,” you say

A

Hemangioblastoma

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40
Q

When I say “multiple hemangioblastoma,” you say

A

Von Hippe! Lindau

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41
Q

When l say “Swiss cheese tumor in ventricle,” you say

A

central neurocytoma

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42
Q

When I say “CN3 Palsy,” you say

A

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

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43
Q

When I say “CN6 Palsy,” you say

A

increased ICP

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44
Q

When I say “Ventricles out of size to atrophy,” you say

A

NPH

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45
Q

When I say “Hemorrhagic putamen,” you say

A

Methanol

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46
Q

When I say “Decreased FDG uptake in the lateral occipital cortex,” you say

A

Lewy Body dementia

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47
Q

When I say “TORCH with Periventricular Calcification,” you say

A

CMV

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48
Q

When l say “TORCH with hydrocephalus,” you say

A

Toxoplasmosis

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49
Q

When I say “TORCH with hemorrhagic infarction,” you say

A

HSV

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50
Q

When I say “Neonatal infection with frontal lobe atrophy,” you say

A

HIV

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51
Q

When I say “Rapidly progressing dementia + Rapidly progressing atrophy,” you say

A

CJD

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52
Q

When I say “Expanding the cortex,” you say

A

Oligodendroglioma

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53
Q

When I say “Tumor acquired after trauma (LP),” you say

A

Epidermoid

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54
Q

When l say “The Palate Separated from the Maxilla/Floating Palate,” you say

A

LeFort 1

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55
Q

When I say “The Maxilla Separated from the Face” or “Pyramidal” you say

A

LeFort 2

56
Q

When l say “The Face Separated from the Cranium,” you say

A

LeFort 3

57
Q

When I say “Airless expanded sinus,” you say

A

mucocele

58
Q

When I say “DVA,” you say

A

cavernous malformation nearby

59
Q

When I say “Single vascular lesion in the pons,” you say

A

Capillary Telangiectasia

60
Q

When l say “Elevated NAA peak,” you say

A

Canvans

61
Q

When l say “Tigroid appearance,” you say

A

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

62
Q

When I say “Endolymphatic Sac Tumor,” you say

A

VHL

63
Q

When l say “T 1 Bright in the petrous apex,” you say

A

Cholesterol Granuloma

64
Q

When I say “Restricted diffusion in the petrous apex,” you say

A

Cholesteatoma

65
Q

When I say “Lateral rectus palsy + otomastoiditis,” you say

A

Grandenigo Syndrome

66
Q

When I say “Cochlea and semicircular canal enhancement,” you say

A

Labrinthitis

67
Q

When l say “Conductive hearing loss in an adult,” you say

A

Otosclerosis

68
Q

When I say “Noise induced vertigo,” you say

A

Superior Semicircular Canal dehiscence

69
Q

When I say “Widening of the maxillary ostium,” you say

A

Antrochonal Polyp

70
Q

When I say “ Inverting papilloma,” you say

A

squamous cell CA (10%)

71
Q

When l say “Adenoid cystic,” you say

A

perineural spread

72
Q

When I say “Left sided vocal cord paralysis,” you say

A

look in the AP window

73
Q

When I say “bilateral coloboma,” you say

A

CHARGE syndrome

74
Q

When I say “Retinal Detachment + Small Eye” you say

A

PHPV

75
Q

When I say “Bilateral Small Eye,” you say

A

Retinopathy of Prematurity

76
Q

When I say “Calcification in the globe of a child,” you say

A

Retinoblastoma

77
Q

When I say “Fluid-Fluid levels in the orbit,” you say

A

Lymphangioma

78
Q

When I say “Orbital lesion, worse with Valsalva,” you say

A

Varix

79
Q

When I say “Pulsatile Exophthalmos,” you say

A

NF- I and CC Fistula

80
Q

When I say “Sphenoid wing dysplasia,” you say

A

NF-I

81
Q

When I say “Scimitar Sacrum,” you say

A

Currarino Triad (Scimitar sacrum is pathognomonic for anterior sacral meningocele, one part of the triad)

82
Q

When I say “bilateral symmetrically increases T2 signal in the dorsal columns,” you say

A

B 12 (or HIV)

83
Q

When I say “Owl eye appearance of spinal cord,” you say

A

spinal cord infarct

84
Q

When I say “(smooth) Enhancement of the nerves root of the cauda equina,” you say

A

guillain barre

85
Q

When I say “Subligamentous spread of infection,” you say

A

TB

86
Q

etiology of Sturge Weber

A

maldeveloped draining veins

87
Q

all phakomatosis except this 1 are AD

A

Sturge Weber (NF I, NF -2, TS, and VHL are AD)

88
Q

Most Common Primary Brain Tumor in Adult

A

= Astrocytoma

89
Q

tumor that Calcifies 90% of the time

A

Oligodendroglioma

90
Q

benign normal variant that can show restricted diffusion in a ventricle

A

Choroid Plexus Xanthogranuloma

91
Q

T1 bright pituitary

A

Pituitary Apoplexy

92
Q

T2 bright pituitary

A

Rathke Cleft Cyst

93
Q

calcified pituitary

A

craniopharyngioma

94
Q

CP Angle - Invades Internal Auditory Canal

A

= Schwannoma

95
Q

CP Angle - Invades Both Internal Auditory Canals

A

= Schwannoma with NF2

96
Q

CP Angle- Restricts on Diffusion

A

= Epidermoid

97
Q

Peds - Arising from Vermis

A

Medulloblastoma

98
Q

Peds- 4th ventricle “tooth paste” out of 4th ventricle

A

Ependymoma

99
Q

Adult myelination pattern on MR is seen at what age

A

TI at I year, T2 at 2 years

100
Q

what regions are myelinated at birth?

A

Brainstem and posterior limb of the internal capsule

101
Q

what 2 CNs are not in the cavernous sinus (but are close by)

A

CN2 and CNV3

102
Q

what variant vessel increases risk of aneurysm?

A

persistent trigeminal artery (vertebral to carotid)

103
Q

Subfalcine herniation can lead to infarct in what territory

A

ACA infarct

104
Q

ADEM lesions will NOT involve the

A

calloso-septal interface.

105
Q

Post Radiation changes don’t start for

A

2 months (there is a latent period).

106
Q

first thing that atrophies in AD

A

Hippocampal atrophy is first with Alzheimer Dementia

107
Q

most common TORCH

A

CMV

108
Q

toxo abscess: diffusion?

A

Toxo abscess does NOT restrict diffusion

109
Q

which low grade tumors can enhance?

A

JPA and Ganglioglioma can enhance and are low grade

110
Q

most common single fracture

A

nasal bone

111
Q

most common fracture pattern

A

ZMC complex/tripod

112
Q

Supplemental oxygen can mimic

A

SAH on FLAIR

113
Q

most common location for hypertensive hemorrhage

A

putamen

114
Q

hyperacute (<6hr) stroke MRI findings

A

Restricted diffusion without bright signal on FLAIR

115
Q

Enhancement of a stroke: Rule of 3s

A

starts at day 3, peaks at 3 weeks, gone at 3 months

116
Q

Most Common systemic vasculitis to involve the CNS

A

PAN

117
Q

most common type of crainosynostosis

A

Scaphocephaly

118
Q

Piriform aperture stenosis is associated with

A

hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis issues.

119
Q

most common primary petrous apex lesion

A

Cholesterol Granuloma

120
Q

absence of the bony modiolus in 90% of cases

A

Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome

121
Q

The main vascular supply to the posterior nose is

A

the sphenopalatine artery (terminal internal maxillary artery).

122
Q

Sjogrens gets what unusual lymphoma

A

Sjogrens gets salivary gland lymphoma

123
Q

Most common intra-occular lesion in an adult

A

Melanoma

124
Q

how long is nerve root enhancement normal after surgery?

A

6 weeks

125
Q

what if you see nerve root enhancement > 6 weeks after surgery?

A

it’s arachnoiditis

126
Q

most important factor for outcome of traumatic cord injury

A

hemorrhage in the cord

127
Q

Currarino Triad:

A

Anterior Sacral Meningocele, Anorectal malformation, Sarcococcygeal osseous defect

128
Q

most common type of spinal AVF

A

Type I Spinal AVF (dural AVF) is by far the more common.

129
Q

Herpes spares the

A

Herpes spares the basal ganglia (MCA infarcts do not)

130
Q

Nuc med scan positive in esthesioneuroblastoma

A

Octreotide scan will be positive for esthesioneuroblastoma

131
Q

Nuc med scan positive in Warthins tumor

A

pertechnetate

132
Q

symmetric restricted diffusion in bilateral hippocampi

A

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (other commonly affected areas are the deep gray nuclei and cortex)

133
Q

ddx (4) enhancing, intradural/extramedullary lesion

A

meningioma, schwannoma, neurofibroma, or metastatic disease.

134
Q

most common benign tumor in the submandibular and parotid gland?

A

Benign Mixed Tumor (An easy way to remember the incidence of benign mixed tumor is that the percentage is large in the largest gland (80% in parotid), smaller in the mid-sized gland (50% in submandibular gland) and small in the smallest gland (20% in sublingual gland).)

135
Q

mylohyoid muscle

A

mylohyoid muscle

136
Q

Globus pallidus symmetric T2/FLAIR hyperintensity

A

CO poisoning (+ white matter hyperintensity)

CORE Neuro (4 decks)

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