Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Neuro Conditions > Flashcards

Neuro Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Upper extremity shakes as target is approached, hand may overshoot target

A

Intention Tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rapid alternating movements

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

finger-to-nose test

A

Dysmetria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Uneven phonation (production of vowel sounds) aka scanning or explosive speech

A

Dysathria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lateral Hemisphere of cerebellum functions

A

Planning learned, skillful movements, those that become more precise and rapid with practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medial hemisphere of cerebellum functions

A

Adjusting limb movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vermis of cerebellum functions

A

postural adjustments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disrupted lateral vestibulospinal tract function

A

Truncal ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterior lobe lesion (alcoholics); cant walk without feet wide apart, staggering walk (even when sober)

A

Gait ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nystagmus; back and forth eye movements

A

Injury to vestibulocerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Bilateral temporal lobe injury, involves amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus
  • Fearless, placid, no emotional reactions, don’t respond to threats from others, don’t flee from threats
  • Males become hypersexual, indiscriminate with inanimate objects/different species
  • Inordinate attention to all sensory stimuli, sniff and examine everything orally
  • May pick up the same object repeatedly as they seem to recognize nothing (Visual Agnosia)
A

Klüver-Bucy Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Degeneration of striatum (caudate > putamen)
  • Chorea, rigidity, cognitive disturbances
  • Autosomal dominant, Trinucleotide repeat
  • Age of onset is variable, most at about 50 years of age
A

Huntington’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Dramatic movement disorder
  • Limb movements are flailing, rotatory
  • Often affect one side of body, may affect arm and leg to different degrees
  • Most often in older patients
  • Due to a cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke); branch of posterior cerebral artery
A

Hemiballismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity
  • Age of onset about 60
  • Substantia nigra compact part contain Lewy bodies
A

Parkinson’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What medication is used to treat Parkinson’s disease and how does it work?

A

Levodopa

  • Precursor for dopamine
  • Helpful but response can fluctuate of time and can induce involuntary movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Surgical treatment for Parkinson’s

A 
Pallidotomy and Thalamotomy
* Lesion on GPi and VA/VL
Deep Brain Stim
*electrodes planted in the subthalamus
Stem Cell Therapy
17
Q

Transient attacks of vertigo, nausea, hearing loss, tinnitus

A

Ménière’s disease

18
Q

*Back and forth eye movements with a rapid phase in one direction and a slow phase in the other

A

Nystagmus

* when Vestibuloocular Reflex(VOR) cant compensate for head movements

19
Q

How does alcohol affect cupula’s sensitivity to gravity?

A

Alters the densities of cupula and endolymph making semicircular ducts sensitive to gravity

  • As BAC increases, alcohol infiltrates capulae, this decreases density relative to endolymph, results in positional nystagmus
  • As BAC decreases, alcohol leaves cupulae first, becomes more dense than endolymph, nystagmus evident in opposite direction
20
Q

Inability to use language, lose the use of/or access to symbols humans use as concepts (i.e. words)

A

Aphasia

21
Q
  • Make few written or spoken words, get by with phrases (OK, And how)
  • Very difficult to produce words
  • All detail and meaning in sentences is lost
  • Can comprehend language
  • Often due to damage in Broca’s area
A

Nonfluent Aphasia (Broca’s Aphasia)

22
Q
  • Can write and speak, but words used and sequences of words used in sentences is incorrect
  • Really little or no linguistic content
  • Substitute one letter of word for another (paraphasia)
  • Make up new words (neoligisms)
  • Difficulty in language comprehension
  • Often due to damage in Wernicke’s Area
A

Fluent Aphasia (Wernicke’s Aphasia)

23
Q

Can’t convey authority, anger, etc. in speech

A

Motor Aprosody

24
Q

Difficulty comprehending the emotional content of speech from others

A

Sensory Aprosody

25
Q

Damage to unimodal areas (visual association cortex, auditory association areas, somatosensory)

A

Sensory specific agnosias

*Inability to recognize faces, perceive movement= visual agnosias

26
Q

Right parietal lobe damage

A
  • May deny something is wrong with left limb and can be convinced the left limb is someone else’s
  • May ignore left half of body called contralateral neglect
27
Q

Lack of action

A

Apraxias

  • Left parietal lobe damage
  • Can’t imitate examiner who touches finger to face and they cant but they can still scratch face if it itches (dumb ass)
28
Q

Damage to this makes people impulsive, cant suppress inappropriate responses/emtions

A

Ventromedial portion of prefrontal cortex

29
Q
  • Can result from white matter damage

* Alexia without agraphia

A

Disconnection Syndromes

  • Can write but unable to read
  • Cannot read words even they wrote
30
Q

Alexia without agraphia

A

Language areas on left isolated from all visual input

  • Left visual cortex damaged by stroke and corpus callosum damaged
  • Language areas intact so speech is unaffected

Neuro (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions