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Neuro > Forebrain & Limbic System > Flashcards

Forebrain & Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus

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2
Q

Parts of limbic system

A

Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala

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3
Q

Gateway to the cortex

A

Thalamus

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4
Q

Anterior division of thalamic nuclei

A

Anterior Nucleus (AN)

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5
Q

Medial division of thalamic nuclei

A

Dorsomedial (DM) aka Medial Dorsal (MD)

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6
Q

Lateral division of thalamic nuclei

A

Dorsal tier: Lateral Dorsal (LD), Lateral Posterior (LP), Pulvinar

Ventral tier: Ventral Anterior (VA), Ventral Lateral (VL), Ventral Posterior Lateral (VPL) and medial (VPM), Medial and Lateral Geniculates (MGN, LGN)

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7
Q

Intralaminar division of thalamic nuclei

A

Centromedian

Parafascicular

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8
Q

Other division of thalamic nuclei

A

Reticular nucleus and midline nuclei

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9
Q

All thalamic nuclei consist of?

What’s the exception?

A

All consist of: Projection neurons (provide output from thalamus) and interneurons (inhibitory)

Exception: Reticular Nucleus

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10
Q

3 Categories of Thalamic Nuclei

A

Based on patterns of outputs and specific inputs

  1. Relay Nuclei
  2. Association Nuclei
  3. Intralaminar & Midline Nuclei
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11
Q

Receive well defined specific input from a subcortical source and project to a well-defined area of cortex

A

Relay Nuclei

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12
Q

Receive specific inputs from association cortex

A

Association nuclei (ex: prefrontal cortex and project back)

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13
Q

Recieve distinct set of specific inputs (Basal ganglia, limbic structures and project to corex, basal ganglia and limbic structures

A

Intralaminar and midline nuclei

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14
Q

Important source of regulatory input to thalamus with no projections to cortex

A

Reticular Nucleus

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15
Q

Input and output of Reticular Nucleus

A

Input: Cortex and Thalamus
Output: Inhibitory axons to Thalamus

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16
Q

Sensory Relay Nuclei

A

VPL and VPM

17
Q

Motor Relay Nuclei

A

VA and VL

18
Q

Limbic Relay Nuclei

A

Anterior and LD

19
Q

Main Association Nuclei of Thalamus

A

DM and Pulvinar

20
Q

Prefrontal association nuclei

A

DM

*foresight and affect

21
Q

Parietal-occipital-temporal association nuclei

A

Pulvinar-LP complex

*Function largely unknow, may be involved in visual perception or attention

22
Q

What fibers pass through internal capsule (IC)?

A

Thalamocortical and corticothalamic fibers

Almost all fibers going to and from the cortex

Collects and forms cerebral peduncle down which corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers descend

23
Q

5 parts of internal capsule

A
  • *Based on relationship to lenticular nucleus**
    1. Anterior limb
    2. Posterior limb
    3. Genu
    4: Retrolenticular
    5. Sublenticular
24
Q

Critical in autonomic, endocrine, emotional and somatic functions; maintains physiological range

A

Hypothalamus

25
Q

3 main types of connections in hypothalamus

A
  1. Interconnected with limbic system
  2. Output to pituitary
  3. Interconnects visceral/ somatic nuclei
26
Q

Autonomics of Hypothalamus

  1. Anterior Hypothal
  2. Posterior Hypothal
A
  1. Stimulation of anterior produces parasympathetic effects
    * slow HR, constrict pupil, peristalsis, salivation
  2. Stimulation of posterior produces sympathetic effects
    * increases HR and BP, dilate pupils
27
Q

Hypothalamic Inputs (2 general areas)

A
  1. Parts of the forebrain, especially limbic system
    * autonomic/somatic aspects of emotional states
  2. Brainstem and Spinal Cord
    * Concey Visceral and sensory info
28
Q

Limbic System bridges…

A

autonomic/ voluntary responses to environmental changes

29
Q

Amygdala is responsible for…

A

Emotional responses

30
Q

Hippocampus is resposible for…

A

learning and memory

31
Q

3 distinct zones of hippocampus

A
  1. Dentate Gyrus
  2. Hippocampus Proper (Cornu Ammonis)
  3. Subiculum (transition between hippocampus froper and parahippocampal cortex)
32
Q

Left anterior hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functions

A

encode novel material involving language

33
Q

Right hippocampus and inferior parietal lobe function

A

engaged in spatial tasks like driving a car

34
Q

Left anterior hippocampus is more active when…

A

material is new

*as repetition makes material more familiar, activity shifts posteriorly

35
Q

3 nuclear groups of amygdala and their pathways/ functions

A
  1. medial= olfaction
  2. Central= hypothalamus, PAG; emotional responses
  3. Basolateral= cortex, central nuclei; emotional responses

Neuro (5 decks)

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