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Assessment quiz 4 > Neuro and Mental Health Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Neuro and Mental Health Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The spinal cord extends from where to where?

A

brainstem (medulla) to L1-L2 vertebrae

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2
Q

What are the 5 segments of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical (C1-C8), Thoracic (T1-T12), Lumbar (L1 to L5), Sacral ( S-S5), and Coccygeal

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3
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

regulates muscle movement and response to touch and pain

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4
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

What do the 12 cranial nerves control?

A

nerves control motor, sensory, and specialized functions like smell, vision, and hearing

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6
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory - sense of smell

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7
Q

CN II

A

Optic- snellen chart

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8
Q

CN III

A

Occulomotor

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9
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

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10
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal

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11
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

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12
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

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13
Q

CN VIII

A

Acoustic

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14
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

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15
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

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16
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory

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17
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

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18
Q

What is the cranial nerves memory device?

A

On old olympus towering tops a finn and german viewed some hops

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19
Q

What does the Anterior (ventral) root control?

A

Motor Fibers

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20
Q

What does the Posterior (dorasal) root control?

A

Sensory fibers

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21
Q

What does the spinal nerve contain?

A

convergence of ventral and dorsal roots

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22
Q

What does the peripheral nerves contain?

A

formed from spinal nerve fibers and lower level fibers

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23
Q

What does the pyramidial tract do?

A

Corticospinal that mediates voluntary movements such as key boarding. Fibers originate in the motor cortex of the brain, travel to medulla, then corssover to opposite (contralateral) sife of medulla then continue downward to neurons

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24
Q

What does the basal ganglia system do?

A

controls gross body movements such as walking

25
Q

What does the cerebellar system do?

A

sensory and motor input maintains equilibrium and posture

26
Q

What does a CVA injury effect?

A

The contralateral side of the body

27
Q

What does damage below the crossover affect?

A

ipsilateral side of body

28
Q

What does an upper motor neuron lesion state?

A

decreased muscle tone and increased deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

29
Q

Whatd does lower motor neuron damage indicate?

A

ipsilateral weakness and paralysis, muscle tone, and DTR is decreased or absent

30
Q

What do sensory pathways do?

A

participate in reflex activity, conscious sedation, body position, regulate autonomic nervous system activies such as BP, HR, and RR, perception of sensations of temp, vibration, pressure, proprioception, kinesthesia, and fine touch

31
Q

If you have damage to posterio column loss, you will lose what?

A

loss of position and vibration perception

32
Q

If you have peripheral neuropathy, what happens?

A

loss of sensation in hands and feet

33
Q

What is normal pathway of light reaction?

A

light perceived from outside, passed through lens to retina, sensation passes through optic nerve, goes to brain, will cause eyes to dialate or constrict

34
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

band of skin innervated by the sensory root of a single spinal nerve

35
Q

What can a dermtome inneration do?

A

It can help localize a spinal cord lesion to a specific segment of the cord

36
Q

Dernatomes to memorize include:

A

C3 - neck, T4 - nipple, T10 - umbilicus, L1 - groin, L4 anterior aspect of the knee, L5 - anterior aspect of foot, C6 - thumb, and C8 - pinkie

37
Q

What do deep tendon reflexes do?

A

muscle stretch reflex that involves sensory and motor pathyway

38
Q

What are the DTRs I need to know?

A

Ankle - sacral, Knee - lumbar 2 3 4, Brachioradialis - cervical 5 6, Biceps cervical 5 6, and Triceps cervical 6 7

39
Q

What are you looking for in a neurological health history?

A

headaches, visual disturbances, dizziness, generalized proximal distant weakness, numbness or tingling, abnormal or loss of sensations, LOC, seizures, tremors or involuntary movements, and memory, cognitive, and affective changes

40
Q

What are the neurological exam key concepts?

A

mental status, affective status, sppech and language, cranial nerves, motor system, sensory system, and reflexes

41
Q

What are you looking for in an effective status assessment?

A

depression screening

42
Q

What 2 questions do you ask in the PHQ-2 assessment?

A

In the past 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by 1. little interest in pleasureable things 2. feeling down, depressed or hopeless

43
Q

What does PERRLA mean?

A

pupils equal, round, reactive to light accomidation

44
Q

What does accomidation mean?

A

constriction of pupils when light in shown into eyes, dilation when darkness applied, response should be equal bilaterally

45
Q

What should happen in a CN V Trigeminal- Corneal Reflex Test?

A

patient should blink when corneal lightly touched with cotton

46
Q

In a CN V Motor, what should you do?

A

Ask pt. to clench teeth and palpate masseter and temporal muscle

47
Q

What do you assess in the motor system?

A

look for involunatary movements, look for symmetry of muscles & muscle tone, assess grip strength (arms & legs), gait (rhythm & weakness), and walk on tip toes and heels

48
Q

What is the Romberg Test?

A

patient should stand with feet together, eyes open, then closed, and observe for inability to stand still for 30 seconds

49
Q

What is the pronator drift?

A

Patient stand with arms extended, hands up right, nurse will tap arms down and pt.’s arms should remain horizontal

50
Q

In a sensory assessment, what do you look for?

A

pain and temperature, position and vibration, light touch, discrimination (sharp/dull)

51
Q

What do you do in a proprioception sensory assessment?

A

move pt.’s great toe up or down and ask what position it is in.

52
Q

What do you do in a discrimination sensory assessment?

A

with pencil draw a number in patient’s pal and ask what it is

53
Q

What are the grading of DTR?

A

0 no respons, 1+ somewhat diminished (low normal), 2+ average (normal), 3+ brisk (may be normal for some), 4+ hyper-reflexive (abnormal and may have clonus)

54
Q

What is clonus?

A

when you flex your foot, and it does not go back down and it beats, count the beats

55
Q

What are some examples of cutaneous stimulation reflexes?

A

nipple erection - T4, Abdominal T8 to T12, Plantar L5 to S1, and Anal reflex (S2-S4)

56
Q

If a pt. is lethargic, what technique do you use and what is an abnormal response?

A

speak in a loud voice. Pt. appears drowsy, but will open eyes, respond and goes back to sleep

57
Q

If pt. is obtuned, what technique do you use and what is an abdnormal response?

A

speak to pt. and shake gently. Pt. will open eyes, look at speaker, and respond slowly, look confused,and fall back asleep

58
Q

If pt. is stuporus, what technique is use and what is abnormal for the pt.

A

apply painful stimuli, such as a sternum rub. Pt. will arise from sllep only after painful stimuli. Verbal response are slow or absent. Unresponsive when painful stimuli removed.

59
Q

If pt. is comatose, what is a common technique and abnormal pt. response?

A

Apply repeated painful stimuli. Pt. remains unresponsive.

Assessment quiz 4 (2 decks)

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