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Neuro anatomy terms Flashcards

1
Q

Tracts

A

 Tracts - location of a pathway, eg spinothalamic tract

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2
Q

Commisures

A

 Commisures - tract connecting one hemisphere to the other, eg anterior
commisure

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3
Q

Lemnisci

A

 Lemnisci - narrow strip of fibres, eg medial lemniscus

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4
Q

Funiculi

A

 Funiculi - ‘rope’ or ‘cord’, eg lateral funiculus

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5
Q

Fasiculi

A

 Fasiculi - ‘bundle’, eg gracile fasiculus

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6
Q

Capsule

A

 Capsule - sheet of white matter fibres borders a nucleus of grey matter

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7
Q

Column

A

 Column - longitudinally running fibres are separated by other structures, eg
dorsal column

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8
Q

Cortex

A

Cortex - laminated grey matter on outside of brain, eg motor cortex

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9
Q

Nuclei

A

Nuclei - collections of nerve cell bodies within the CNS, eg arcuate nucleus

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10
Q

Ganglia

A

Ganglia - collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS (eg doral root ganglia)
AND some in CNS that have a capsule (eg basal ganglia)

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11
Q

Afferents

A

Afferents - axons taking information towards the CNS, eg sensory fibres

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12
Q

Efferents

A

Efferents - axons taking information to another site, eg motor fibres

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13
Q

Reticular

A

Reticular - ‘netlike’, where grey and white matter mix, eg reticular formation of
brainstem

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14
Q

Ipsilateral

A

–Ipsilateral - same side

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15
Q

Contralateral

A

–Contrallateral - opposite side

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16
Q

Medial

A

 Medial = towards midline

17
Q

Median

A

 Median = at midline

18
Q

Lateral

A

 Lateral = away from midline

19
Q

Rostral

A

 Rostral = towards nose (anterior)

20
Q

Caudal

A

 Caudal = towards tail (posterior)

21
Q

In brain stem and cord
dorsal
ventral

A

In brain stem & cord
 Dorsal = Posterior
 Ventral = Anterior

22
Q

In cerebrum
dorsal
ventral

A

In cerebrum
 Dorsal = Superior
 Ventral = Inferior

23
Q

Gyri

A

Gyri (gyrus) - ridges

24
Q

Sulci

A

Sulci (sulcus) - grooves

25
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A

Frontal
 Voluntary movement on opposite side of body
 Frontal lobe of dominant hemisphere controls speech and writing
 Intellectual functioning, thought processes, reasoning and memory

26
Q

Parietal functions

A

Parietal

 Receives and interprets sensations,

27
Q

Temporal lobe functions

A

Temporal

 Understanding spoken word, sounds as well as memory and emotion

28
Q

Occipital lobe functions

A

Occipital

 Understanding visual images and meaning of written words

29
Q

Grey matter structures deep in the white matter surround the ventricles and
include:

A

Grey matter structures deep in the white matter surround the ventricles and
include:
 Thalamus: relay centre directing inputs to cortical areas
 Hypothalamus: ANS, links endocrine system to brain, homeostasis
 Basal ganglia (Caudate nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus): motor
control, cognition and non-motor behaviour

30
Q

Cerebellum

A

Cerebellum - co-ordinates movement & balance
 Lies over dorsal surface of brain stem and attached by 3 peduncles:
 Superior
 Middle
 Inferior
 Separated from dorsal brainstem by IVth ventricle (forms part of its roof)
 Made up of folded cortex, white matter and deep inner nuclei
 Cortex folded into many transverse folia

  • cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor movement,
    balance and equilibrium and muscle tone
31
Q

Underlying the cortex is the white matter:

A

Underlying the cortex is the white matter:
 Many connections between cortex and other CNS structures, eg internal
capsule, corpus callosum

32
Q

What does cerebellar injury result in?

A

Cerebellar injury results in movements that are slow and uncoordinated, for
example:
 loss of coordination of motor movement (asynergia)
 movement tremors (intention tremor)
 weak muscles (hypotonia)
 abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)

33
Q

What are the functions of the brain stem?

A 
Brain stem - many functions including:
 Special senses
 Sensory and motor for head & neck via cranial nerves
 Autonomic regulation of body
 Regulates consciousness
 Pathway between brain and spinal cord
34
Q

What does the midbrain contain?

A

 Midbrain:
 Tectum (superior & inferior colliculi)
 Cerebral peduncle (tegmentum & crus cerebri)
 Surrounds cerebral aqueduct

35
Q

Where is the pons?

A

 Pons: Bridge to cerebellum

36
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata?

A

 Medulla oblongata: continuous with cord

37
Q

What two types of specialised cell does the CNA contain?

A

The CNS contains two types of specialised cell:
 Nerve cells or neuron(e)s

 Neuroglia

38
Q

Name a few types of neuron

A

 Many types, for eg; pyramidal, stellate, basket, Golgi, Purkinje,
chandelier etc

39
Q

Name a few types of Neuroglia

A

 Astrocytes
 Oligodendrocytes
 Microglia
 (Ependyma)

NEURO (19 decks)

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