Neuro Anatomy

Question 1

of Spinal Nerves

Answer 1

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sarcum
1 coccygeal

Question 2

Afferent Neuron

Answer 2

carry sensory information to the CNS

Question 3

Efferent Neuron

Answer 3

carry impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle (somatic) or non-skeletal (autonomic)

Question 4

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 4

many dendrites, one axon, in brain, spinal cord, and PNS

Question 5

Bipolar Neuron

Answer 5

one dendrite, one axon, in rods/cones and olfactory neurons ONLY

Question 6

Unipolar Neuron

Answer 6

NO (true) dendrites, almost all sensory neurons

Question 7

Astrocytes

Answer 7

found in the CNS, wrap around capillaries in the brain and form part of the blood-brain-barrier

Question 8

Foot Processes

Answer 8

part of the astrocyte cells that wrap around the capillaries

Question 9

Tight Junction

Answer 9

where brain capillary endothelial cells connect with one another, 2nd part of blood-brain-barrier

Question 10

Ependymal Cells

Answer 10

form the choroid plexus around ventricles and synthesize CSF, mostly in lateral ventricles

Question 11

Microglia

Answer 11

macrophages of the brain, phagocytosis of old WBC or neurons

Question 12

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

wrap around axons and form the myelin sheath in the CNS, all axons in the CNS are myelinated

Question 13

Schwann Cell (Neurolemmocyte)

Answer 13

form myelin sheath in the PNS (but not all axons are myelinated in the PNS)

Question 14

Node of Ranvier

Answer 14

in between myelin sheaths where VGNa+C occur

Question 15

Nerve

Answer 15

bundle of axons in the PNS (both efferent and afferent pathways)

Question 16

Fascicle

Answer 16

bundle of axons which all transmit similar information within in nerve

Question 17

Tract

Answer 17

in the CNS (brain/spinal cord) a bundle of axons and their myelin sheaths connecting brain-brain, brain-spinal cord, spinal cord-brain, compose white matter of spinal cord

Question 18

White Matter

Answer 18

composed of tracts

Question 19

Gray Matter

Answer 19

the cluster of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites, the central component of the spinal cord and outer part of the brain

Question 20

Nucleus (in CNS)

Answer 20

located in the CNS, gray matter located inside the white matter (nerve cell bodies and dendrites inside the brain)

Question 21

Ganglion

Answer 21

located in the PNS, cluster of nerve cell bodies and dendrites, where axons synapse with dendrites

Question 22

Synapse

Answer 22

where an axon terminates and releases a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic membrane/terminal buton, the neurotransmitter diffused across the synaptic cleft/gap and binds with a receptor on the post-synaptic membrane, and potentially brings about a response

Question 23

Foramen Magnum

Answer 23

separates the medulla from the spinal cord

Question 24

Corpus Callosum

Answer 24

composed of tracts (axons + myelin sheaths) which connect the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 25

Diancephalon

Answer 25

1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus (connected to the pituitary via the infundibulum)
3. Epithalamus
4. Subthalamus

Question 26

Brainstem and their CN

Answer 26

medulla (IX, X, XI, XII), pons (V, VI, VII, VII), and midbrain (III, IV)

Question 27

Nuclei (in CNS)

Answer 27

nerve cell bodies and their dendrites

Question 28

Modulation of Pain Transmission is done in the:

Answer 28

• Raphe Magnus Nuclear and Reticular Paragigantocellularis (medulla)
• Periaqueductal Gray Matter (pons)

Question 29

Reticular Activating System includes:

Answer 29

-Locus Ceruleus (midbrain)

Question 30

Midbrain

Answer 30

Tectum (roof) and Tegmentum (floor)

Question 31

Tectum

Answer 31

Corpora Quadrigemina:

Superior and Inferior Colliculi

Question 32

Tegmentum

Answer 32

• Ascending tracts
• Red Nuclei: origin of rubrospinal tracts
• Substantia Nigra: origin of nigrostriatal tract