Neuro: Anatomy Flashcards
Lucid interval is associated with _______ which is a bleed of…
epidural hematoma, Middle miningeal a.
Whiplash injury
insidious onset of CNS sxs
crescent shape on CT
slow bleed
What type of bleed, what vascular structure?
bridging veins
subdural
Epidural hematoma CT finding
elliptical/lens
“Worse headache of life”
rapid deterioration
sxs after valsalva
middle age female
crab-like appearance in middle of CT
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
aneurysm
PICA arises from the _____
basaliar a.
What CNs are inside the cavernous sinus?
III, IV, V (except V3), VI
Ophthalmoplegia and/or decreased facial sensation can indicate a problem through which venous structure?
cavernous sinus
what artery passes through the cavernous sinus
internal carotid
Pt. P/w
eye pain
diplopia
proptosis
chemosis
impaired EOMs
Decreased Facial Sensation
Orbital Bruit
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula or aneurysm
Central sulcus separates the _____ from the _______
motor cortex (frontal)
sensory cortex (parietal)
Which lobe?
Voluntary movements
executive functions
frontal
which lobe?
memory
language
understanding
temporal lobe
which lobe?
perception
making sense of the world
math
spelling
parietal lobe
Which lobe?
vision
occipital lobe
Which spinal cord tract?
rhomberg abnormalities
vibration, proprioception
posterior tract
Which spinal cord tract?
Pain, temp
lateral spinothalamic
Which spinal cord tract?
voluntary movement
lateral corticospinal
Where is the lesion?
aphasia
neglect
hemianopia
UMN hemiparesis
hemisensory face/arm > leg
cortex
Where is the lesion?
dense hemiplegia (face/arm = leg)
abnormal movements (chorea, tremor, cogwheel, etc)
subcortical
Where is the lesion?
truncal vs limb ataxia and dysmetria (finger nose test)
cerebellum (coordination)
Where is the lesion?
CN Palsies + Crossed signs (face opposite of arm)
brainstem
Where is the lesion?
paraparesis
bowel/bladder involvement
saddle anesthesia
sensory level
spinal cord
Where is the lesion?
no sensory involvement
fasciculations
LMN
Where is the lesion?
distal weakness & sensory involvement
stocking glove
areflexia/hyporeflexia
peripheral nerve
Where is the lesion?
fatiguability
no sensory involvement
normal DTRs
NMJ
Where is the lesion?
proximal weakness
symmetric
no sensory involvement
muscle
sensation to the face…
CN V
motor of the face…
CN VII
Pupillary reflex…
CN II –> CN III
Corneal Reflex…
V1 –> VII
Vestibulo-ocular reflex
CN VIII –> V1 and CN III
Gag reflex
IX –> X
“Lick your lesion”
CN XII
Spasticity is velocity dependent… indicates…
UMN
Rigidity is velocity independent
cogwheel rigidity
basal ganglia
This DTR tests…
biceps
C5, C6
This DTR tests…
brachioradialis
C6
This DTR tests…
triceps
C7
This DTR tests…
patellar
L4
This DTR tests…
achilles
S1
abnormal babinski finding and what lesion?
upward fan (UMN lesion)
What lesion?
spastic weakness
hyper-reflexia
(+) babinski
UMN
What lesion?
flaccid weakness
hypo-reflexia
atrophy
fasciculations
LMN
What lesion?
Face/arm > Leg or Leg > Face/arm
hemi-sensory w. motor deficit
aphasia
apraxia (how to put clothes on, everyday activities)
agnosia
cortical
What lesion?
dense unilateral motor/sensory deficit
face/arm = leg
movement d/o
subcortical
What lesion?
aphasia, neglect (of complete side)
cortex
What lesion?
chorea
ballism
tremor
cogwheeling
subcortical
What lesion?
ataxia
dysmetria
cerebellum
What lesion?
ataxia, dysmetria
cerebellum
What lesion?
CN palsy + crossed sign
cerebellum
What lesion?
sensory level
b/b involvement
saddle anesthesia
spinal cord
What lesion?
fasciculations
motor neuron
what lesion
distal weakness/sensory
stocking glove
decreased reflexes
Peripheral nerve
What lesion?
fatigability
NMJ
What lesion?
proximal weakness
no sensory involvement
muscle
