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Second Year Medicine 1 > Neuro Anatomy > Flashcards

Neuro Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the brain stem from superior to inferior:

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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2
Q

Which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

Embryologically which 2 vesicles of neural tube give rise to the brainstem

A

3rd and 4th

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4
Q

What cavities of the ventricular system lie within the brainstem

A

cerebral aqueduct and 4th ventricle

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction

A

VI, VII, VIII

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6
Q

Where do the pyramids lie, and what is their function

A

On the surface of the medulla

carry motor fibres to spinal cord and brain stem

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7
Q

Where do the decussation of the pyramids lie and what is their function

A

On the surface of the medulla

major decussation point of motor fibres

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8
Q

Where does the olive lie and what is its function

A

On the surface of the medulla

aiding sound perception and motor learning

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9
Q

What structure does the open (superior) part of the medulla open into

A

IV ventricle

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10
Q

Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord

A

Foramen magnum

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11
Q

What 2 structures can be seen on the surface of the pons

A

Origin of trigeminal nerve

The middle cerebellar peduncle (made up of centripetal fibres)

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12
Q

Which part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Which part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain

A

Pons

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14
Q

Where do the cerebral peduncles lie and where are they destined for

A

Surface of midbrain

Connects cerebellum to brainstem

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15
Q

Name 2 other structures that lie on the surface of midbrain

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

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16
Q

What makes make up the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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17
Q

Which two parts of the brain do the thalamus and hypothalamus lie between

A

Midbrain and cerebrum

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18
Q

What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

A

Vermis

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19
Q

To what part of the brain is the cerebellar hemisphere connected to by peduncles

A

Brainstem

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20
Q

What is the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

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21
Q

What cranial fossa is the cerebellum in contact with

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

The part of the cerebellum that lies on the Posterior cranial fossa is called

A

Cerebellar tonsils

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23
Q

Development: Forebrain becomes which structures

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

cerebral hemisphere

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24
Q

Midbrain becomes which structures

A

Midbrain

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25
Q

Hindbrain becomes which structures

A

Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla

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26
Q

What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

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27
Q

What connects the two hemisphere and what nerve fibres are carried their

A

Corpus callosum

Commissural

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28
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli

A

Fold of dura mater which covers over the cerebellum

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29
Q

Where do the cerebral hemispheres sit

A

On the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and the middle cranial fossa.

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30
Q

Posteriorly where do the cerebral hemispheres sit

A

On the tentorium cerebelli

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31
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located

A

Frontal lobe

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32
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located

A

Occipital lobe

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33
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex located

A

Parietal lobe

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34
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located

A

Temporal lobe

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35
Q

At what vertebral level do the dura mater and arachnoid mater terminate

A

S2

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36
Q

What happens to the Pia mater inferior to the spinal cord

A

Becomes filum terminale

37
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

38
Q

Blood supply to the nervous system is the circle of willis - name the arteries in the circle of willis

A
  1. Anterior cerebral A
  2. Anterior communicating A
  3. Ophthalmic A
  4. internal carotid A
  5. External carotid A
  6. Posterior communicating A
  7. Posterior cerebral A
  8. Superior Cerebellar A
  9. Basilar A
  10. Labyrinthine A
  11. Anterior inferior cerebellar A
  12. Posterior inferior cerebellar A
  13. Vertebral artery
  14. Anterior spinal A
39
Q

From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise

A

subclavian

40
Q

At what vertebral level do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise

A

C4

41
Q

How is the basilar artery formed

A

2 vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull

42
Q

Which part of the brain stem is the basilar artery most closely related to

A

Pons

43
Q

Which artery link the internal carotid artery to the posterior cerebral artery

A

Posterior communicating artery

44
Q

Which artery links the anterior cerebral artery

A

Anterior communicating artery

45
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

Longitudinal fissure

46
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

Lateral Sulcus

47
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

Junction of midbrain and pons

48
Q

What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery

A

Area of olfaction

49
Q

What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the middle cerebral artery

A

Primary motor cortex
Primary sensory area
primary auditory area

50
Q

What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery

A

Primary visual cortex

51
Q

Which part of the brain do the vertebra-basilar system supply

A

Brain stem, occipital lobes and cerebellum

52
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery

A

Trigeminal nerve

53
Q

What vein drains into the cavernous sinus and what structure in the skull base is closely related to it

A

ophthalmic

sphenoid sinus

54
Q

What fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space

A

CSF

55
Q

What other structures are in the subarachnoid space

A

Delicate connective tissue

56
Q

What is the falx cerebra and what structures does it separate

A

The midline vertical sheet of dura

separates cerebral hemispheres

57
Q

To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly

A

crista galli and frontal and ethmoid processes.

58
Q

Which dural venous sinus run within the upper border of falx cerebri

A

inferior sagittal sinus

59
Q

Which dural venous sinus run within the lower border of falx cerebri

A

occipital sinus

60
Q

What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli

A

cerebellum and inferior portion of occipital lobes

61
Q

What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk

A

sella diaphragm

62
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of

A

Maxillary artery - supplies dura mater

63
Q

Which artery is the maxillary artery a terminal branch of and within which glandular structure is it given off

A

External carotid artery

Parotid gland

64
Q

Where does the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle lie and the body of the lateral ventricle

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

65
Q

Where does the posterior horn of lateral horn lie

A

Occipital lobe

66
Q

Where does the inferior horn of the lateral horn lie

A

Temporal lobe

67
Q

Where does the inter ventricular foramen lie

A

Connection between 3rd ventricle and lateral ventricles

68
Q

Where does the 3rd ventricle lie

A

Midline between left and right lateral ventricles

69
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct (midbrain) do

A

Connects 3rd ventricle to 4th

70
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located

A

Pons

71
Q

What cells that lie in ventricles that generate CSF

A

Ependymal cells

72
Q

Where is the choroid plexus located

A

Above the 3rd ventricle

73
Q

Name the 4 parts of the corpus callosum

A

rostrum
genu
body
splenium

74
Q

What is the septum pellucidum and what do they do?

A

Thin sheet which lies in the mid sagittal plane and separates the anterior horns of the 2 lateral ventricles

75
Q

What is the caudate nucleus and where is it

A

One of the basal nuclei

A bulbous projection on the floor of the lateral ventricle

76
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A

Releasing hormones
Regulating body temp
Regulating emotional responses

77
Q

Where is the pineal gland located

A

Immediately posterior to the thalamus.

Colliculi surround pineal gland

78
Q

What 2 structures make up the basil ganglia

A

Caudate and lentiform nucleus

79
Q

What is the internal capsule made up of

A

myelinated axons (white matter)

80
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies the internal capsule

A

Middle cerebral artery

81
Q

What is the substantial nigra

A

Functionally a part of basal ganglia

82
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the cribriform plate of ethmoid

A

Olfactory

83
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the optic canal

A

Optic

84
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the superior orbital fissure

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent

85
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the foramen rotundum

A

maxillary branch of Trigeminal

86
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular branch of Trigeminal

87
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

88
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory

89
Q

What cranial nerve opens into the

A

Hypoglossal canal

Second Year Medicine 1 (27 decks)

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