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Neuro Exam 1 > Neuro A&P review > Flashcards

Neuro A&P review Flashcards

1
Q

The PNS includes:

A

○ Cranial Nerves
○ Spinal Nerve Roots and branches
○ Peripheral Nerves
○ Neuromuscular Junction

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2
Q

The ANS is involved in:

A

○ Smooth muscle contraction
○ Heart rate and contractility
○ Visceral functions
○ Glandular secretions
○ Etc.

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3
Q

In addition to the skull, vertebrae, and ligaments of the spine, the CNS is
protected by the ______

A

Meninges: Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater

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4
Q

The Meninges:

A

● Dura is thick and stuck to the bone
● Arachnoid is delicate and stuck to the Dura
● Pia is thin and adheres to brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

Space between the
Arachnoid and Pia is
the ______

A

Subarachnoid Space

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6
Q

In the mid-sagittal plane, the dura
creates the ______,
which divides the hemispheres

A

superior sagittal sinus
and then forms the Falx Cerebri

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7
Q

Between the cerebrum and the
cerebellum, the dura creates the
_____ and then forms the _______, dividing
the cerebellum from cerebrum

A

transverse sinuses; Tentorium Cerebelli

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8
Q

A type of glial cell is the ______,
which have long arm projections and wrap
the axons of CNS neurons in layers, which
we call the Myelin Sheat

A

Oligodendrocyte

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9
Q

Astrocyte functions

A

structure support or creating transport of nutrients from capillaries to the neuron

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10
Q

Ependymal cells

A

simple cuboidal
epithelium that lines the ventricular system
and help create CSF and the BBB

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11
Q

_____ are the cell type that creates
the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous
system

A

Schwann Cells

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12
Q

Large in humans and contain many dopamine-sensitive cells, making the
frontal lobes likely responsible for reward, attention, planning,
motivation, inhibition, etc. Also the home of the motor cortex

A

Frontal Lobe

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13
Q

This lobe integrates a large amount of
sensory information from various
modalities, including spatial sense,
navigation (proprioception), and the
sensation of touch (in the
somatosensory cortex)

A

Parietal lobe

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14
Q

Being the smallest of the four lobes, this lobe is mainly responsible for
the processing of visual sensory information. It includes primary visual
cortex, as well as deeper visual integration areas

A

Occipital lobe

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15
Q

This complex lobe has many important
known functions, including the processing
of sensory input into derived meanings,
retention of information (memories), facial
recognition, emotional association,
language comprehension, etc

A

Temporal lobe

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16
Q

Usually located in the posterior lateral
region of the dominant frontal lobe, this
area is responsible for language production

A

Broca’s area

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17
Q

Damage to this area results in “expressive
aphasia,” or difficulty forming speech

A

Broca’s area

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18
Q

Posterior superior lateral region of the
dominant temporal lobe, this area is
responsible for language comprehension.

A

Wernicke’s area

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19
Q

Damage to this area results in “receptive aphasia,” or difficulty
understanding speech or written language

A

Wernicke’s area

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20
Q

This region of the brain is essentially
involved in motor control. It does not initiate movement, but
helps to coordinate movements,
adjusting motor impulses coming
from the cerebrum to facilitate
precision and accurate timing

A

Cerebellum

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21
Q

Damage here produces Ataxia

A

Cerebellum

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22
Q

Gray Matter vs White Matter

A

○ Gray Matter consists of aggregations of
neuronal cell bodies, such as the outer
layer of the cerebral cortex.
○ White Matter consists of neuronal axons
that are coated with myelin sheath.

23
Q

______- Multiple structures that
are involved in the management of
motor function and other higher level
brain function

A

Basal Ganglia

24
Q

______ - Processes incoming sensory
information and relays to cortex

A

Thalamus

25
Q

______- Maintains physiologic
homeostasis and plays a major role in
endocrine function and the pituitary

A

Hypothalamus

26
Q

The ______ is a major
highway of axons that connects one
hemisphere to the other, which is an
important interaction necessary for
consciousness and awareness.

A

Corpus Callosum

27
Q

The ______ is a white matter
highway of entering and exiting axons

A

Internal Capsule

28
Q

The _____ artery is most
commonly involved in strokes.

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

29
Q

Responsible for pupillary constriction, eyelid elevation (opening the eye), and most extraocular movements (all but out and down-and-in)

A

CN III: The Oculomotor Nerve

30
Q

Responsible for downward and internal rotation of the eye due to innervation of the Superior Oblique Muscle

A

CN IV: The Trochlear Nerve

31
Q

Lateral deviation (abduction) of the eyeball via Lateral Rectus

A

CN VI: The Abducens Nerve

32
Q

Nerve responsible for Facial sensation in three divisions

A

CN V: The Trigeminal Nerve

33
Q

Nerve responsible for muscles of Facial Movements- Including those for facial
expression, closing the eyes, and closing the mouth

A

CN VII: The Facial Nerve

34
Q

Nerve responsible for Taste on the anterior ⅔ of the tongue

A

CN VII: The Facial Nerve

35
Q

Responsible for hearing (cochlear division) and balance (vestibular)

A

CN VIII: The Acoustic or Vestibulocochlear Nerve

36
Q

Nerve responsible for Motor function- Muscles of the pharynx involved with swallowing.

A

CN IX: The Glossopharyngeal Nerve

37
Q

Nerve responsible for Motor function of the palate, pharynx, and larynx. Sensory function of the pharynx
and larynx. Major parasympathetic functions

A

CN X: The Vagus Nerve

38
Q

Nerve responsible for ardrum, ear canal, the pharynx, and taste from the posterior ⅓
of the tongue

A

CN IX: The Glossopharyngeal Nerve

39
Q

Nerve responsible for Sensory Function- Taste on the anterior ⅔ of the tongue

A

CN VII: The Facial Nerve

40
Q

Responsible for motor innervation of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

A

CN XI: The Accessory Nerve

41
Q

Responsible for motor function of the tongue.

A

CN XII: The Hypoglossal Nerve

42
Q

The spinal cord ends at about the level of ____

A

the L1 or L2 vertebrae (the Conus Medullaris)

43
Q

lumbar punctures are generally performed
at the level of _____

A

L3-4 or L4-5

44
Q

Voluntary movements are communicated
via the _____

A

Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract.`

45
Q

Motor neuron tracts that come from the
cortex and synapse on the motor nuclei of
cranial nerves are called the _____

A

Corticobulbar Tract.

46
Q

Axon Terminal + Adjacent Muscle Fiber = _____

A

Motor End Plate

47
Q

The olfactory (smell) cortex is located in
_____

A

the superior medial portion of the
temporal lobe, most commonly
adjacent to the gustatory (taste) cortex

48
Q

Tactile (touch) sensation is processed in
the _____

A

somatosensory cortex.

49
Q

What sensory information decussates immediately when entering the spinal cord?

A

Pain, temperature, and crude touch

50
Q

What sensory information does not decussate immediately when entering the spinal cord?

A

Position, vibration, and fine touch sensory
information does not decussate
immediately, but instead the primary
sensory neuron extends all the way to the
ipsilateral lower medulla through the
Posterior Column

51
Q

In the synaptic cleft, there are
large quantities of the very
important enzyme
_____

A

Acetylcholinesterase

52
Q

Acetylcholinesterase funciton

A

This enzyme breaks down any
lingering Acetylcholine in the
synaptic cleft within a few
milliseconds after the
neurotransmitter was released

53
Q

_____ are communicated
via the Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract.

A

Voluntary movements

Neuro Exam 1 (6 decks)

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