Neuro Flashcards
What are DSM-5 criteria pieces of autism spectrum disorder?
What is a concern we have for safety with autism?
Lack of social skills
Repetitive behaviors
Interested in specific things only
Autistic individuals may try to self harm themselves due to impulsive behaviors
What are the core deficits in autism
Does everyone have the same level of deficits?
Deficits in:
social interaction
communication
behavior
No. Autism is on a spectrum. Some can be very high functioning. Others can have very severe deficits.
Which gender has more autism diagnosis?
How common is autism?
Males 4:1 ratio
1 in 68 kids will have it so pretty common
What is the patho of autism spectrum disorder? And how do we know?
Autosomal recessive inheritance.
We know this bc of twin studies.
- identical twins will both have autism
- fraternal twins hav no guarantee
When is autism usually diagnosed?
Around 2 years old so more delayed in diagnosis.
- higher functioning kids may take longer
You meet an autistic child. They don’t even look at you. Is this because they feel the need to be rude to you
No. They do not like eye contact.
They also have an inability to read social cues so they may not even know this is rude or that they’re supposed to look at you.
Physical symptom that is common with autism?
Constipation
- they can develop megacolon from dilation
How do autistic children eat?
Do they want you to hug them right away?
They are picky due to their sensory irritability.
No they do not like touch due to senses.
How do autistic kids respond to loud noise?
Those with autism do not like loud noises.
What should the family of an autistic child be educated on
Educate them on the need for routine.
Also not to fight them on what to eat.
Will early intervention for autism be a fix?
No. It may be helpful but this won’t just go away.
What two characteristics are found in ADHD?
Do they all have to be present?
Inattention
Hyperactivity w Impulsiveness
But you can have one or both.
What chemical imbalance drives adhd?
What other issue can be the driving force?
Imbalance of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Brain structure issue
When is adhd often diagnosed?
What is the tendency of the trait?
School age or when they begin to learn
Is familial so runs in families.
What do adhd pet scans look like compared to normal?
They have more brain activity going in
What type of approach is needed to manage adhd?
Multidisciplinary
- parents and teachers especially
- the more people observing behavior the better the diagnosis and treatment is too
Behavioral therapy but requires consistency
Medications to address neurotransmitter issue
Types of med classes used to treat adhd
Short acting
Long acting
Amphetamines
Non-stimulants
The most effective class of meds for adhd that needs to be taken twice a day
How do kids respond to these?
Short acting stimulants
- the taking it 2x a day can be hard for kids bc they feel like it makes them weird especially since they have to go see the nurse
- ritalin, focalin, dexedrine, daytrana
Drug class you take once a day that is effective but not the best
Long acting stimulants
- ritalin LA, Focalin XR, Daytrana, Concerta, Metadate, CD, Methylin ER
Drug class for adhd that Adderall falls under
Amphetamines
Side effects of stimulant drugs or amphetamine drugs for adhd
Headache
Stomach ache and decreased appetite which leads to weight loss
Tics Insomnia Behavior rebound Increase HR/BP Dependance
- Kids may even try not to take these meds if it is a side effect they don’t like.
How should providers and families approach adhd meds?
It is ok for them to try different ones out until they find one that works.
What are two non-stimulant drug for adhd that are effective?
Which one has a BBW of suicidal ideation?
Strattera - selective noriepi reuptake inhibitor . More school aged
Guanfacine - adrenergic agonist
Straterra can have risk for suicide. Need to tell parents with young children too bc young kids can commit suicide.
A child loses weight while taking a stimulant. Is this normal?
Can it affect how they grow?
It is expected.
But you can give the meds after the child eats so they remain hungry at least in the morning.
You should be monitoring their growth chart though bc it can cause development to slow.
A child with adhd reports having stomach pain and a headache. What is your assessment?
Ask or look in chart to see if they are taking stimulants.
If so, have them take meds after they eat.