Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds Exam 3 > Congenital Heart Defects > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

What do heart defects result in?

A

Heart failure

Hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acquired heart defects

A

Really anything that alters cardiac muscles

Infection
Autoimmune Response
Environmental factors
Familial Tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of diagnostic procedures that may be done for the heart?

A

Chest X Ray for heart size and pulmonary blood flow

EKG which measures electrical activity of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the echocardiogram for the heart though?

Can this be stressful?

A

High frequency sound waves bounced off structures to produce image ; sort of like an ultrasound of the heart

Can be very stressful so consider sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who is easier to see on echo? Younger or older kids

A

Younger kids - the smaller the heart the easier it is to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a transesophageal echo?

Nursing care?

A

When you do an echo but put the scope down the throat instead

Nurse needs to maintain the airway, be aware of aspiration, respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is heart catheterization

A

Measures pressures and oxygen to visualize structures and blood flow to see how well your heart is working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who do you need to provide teaching to before doing the catheterization?

A

Teach patient and family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can the infant/child eat before cauterization?

A

No. Must be NPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What to signs and symptoms are you looking for with assessment of the catheterization patient before the procedure?

A

Signs and symptoms of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What physical data are you gathering for with assessment of catheterization patient before the procedure?

Tips for assessing the pulses?

A

Accurate height and weight
Baseline VS for possible bleeding complications
Pulses (location and intensity)
Color and temp of extremities

Mark the spots when you feel the pulses. Femoral pulse is likely but you may find reduced pulses distal to the lower extremity. If you mark it, then there’s no guessing game.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Last thing nurse has to do with assessment of the catheterization patient

A

Document the post procedural comparison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the most important vitals to accurately monitor after the procedure of catheterization?

What might they look like?

A

Heart rate and blood pressure

The heart rate/pulse may be weaker distal to site first few hours but this will go away and become normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After the catheterization what do you check for in the extremities?
What position does the extremity need to be kept it?

A

The temperature and color of the extremity for cyanosis

Straight as to not dislodge a clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you help the child clear the dye from the body after catheterization?

A

Keep the child hydrated so it flushes it out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a shunt?

A

A movement of blood across an opening based off pressure

Can go either direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Preload definition

A

The amount of stretching done for the volume presented to the ventricle and compliance of the ventricle at the end of relaxation or diastole

The ventricles having to stretch in order to fill up to get ready for the contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Afterload definition

A

Ventricular wall tension or stress during systolic ejection

The pressure response when the ventricles have to eject the blood

19
Q

Contractility definition

A

force of contractions

20
Q

Chronotropic definition

A

change in rate

21
Q

Inotropic definition

A

change in contractility

22
Q

Hemodynamic classification is based off…

A

Based off blow flow patterns within the heart
- so the type of blood flow going in may determine the issue

Increased or decreased pulmonary blood flow
Obstruction of blood flow
Mixed blood flow

23
Q

What is an ASD?

A

Atrial septal defect is an opening between the two atriums causing shunt that goes left to right.

24
Q

What clinical clues are there that may point to the ASD?

A

(Opening in septal atriums - ASD)

Murmur
Heart failure signs

25
Q

What is conservative treatment like for ASD?

What other treatment are there for ASD?

A

Very conservative since the ASD may close on its own

Aggressive treatments may include surgical path

Or transcatheter but depends on size and shape since you want it to be small

26
Q

What is a VSD?

What other phenomena might you see with VSD?

A

Ventricular septal defect is a hole in the 2 ventricles that allows blood to move based off pressure

Ventricular hypertrophy due to ventricles working hard
Endocarditis due to stasis
Murmur
HF

27
Q

What is the easier treatment for a VSD?

Next treatments for VSD or ventricular septal defect?

A

Conservative here as well since it might close on its own

Pulmonary banding in order to limit amount of blood shunting

If larger issue, the hole will be closed surgically with graft patch

28
Q

What is an Atrioventricular Canal Defect?

A

When you have the ASD and VSD (holes in the heart) as well as valve defects happening together to sort of creating a one chambered heart and so blood goes back and forth

29
Q

Atrioventricular Canal Defect treatment if it is a severe problem?

A

(when you have asd & vsd holes + valve issues)

Pulmonary banding
Surgery to patch up the holes and repair the valves

30
Q

What is the fetal connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery that allows circulation to bypass the lungs

What is it called when it fails to close

A

Ductus arteriosus

Patent ductus arteriosus

31
Q

What will the heart sound like and what will pulses be like in patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Machine like murmur

Bounding pulses
Widened pulse pressure

32
Q

Patent Ductus arteriosus medical treatment

Patent Ductus arteriosus surgical treatment

A

Indomethecin for infants

Thoracotomy - Ligate and close off two edges or use clips to create an artificial closing

33
Q

What is Coarctation of the Aorta? What does it affect?

A

When the aortic segment made a stricture instead of a patent passageway for blood that mostly affects oxygenation of the lower body due to decreased pressure

34
Q

In Coarctation of the Aorta what will pulses be like for upper and lower body?

A

(stricture of aortic segment)

Upper body - bounding
Lower body - faint

35
Q

What can Coarctation of the Aorta cause?

What if it is severe?

A

heart failure & its symptoms

Severe coarctation may cause Rapid Deterioration w acidosis and hypotension

36
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta symptoms of older kids

A

Dizziness and fainting

Headaches and epistaxis (nose bleeds) from high BP in upper body

37
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta treatment first?

Second?

A

Nonsurgical balloon angioplasty to try to balloon the stricture

Thoracotomy resection where you anastomosis the stricture segment

38
Q

Main post op considerations for long term care after the Coarctation of Aorta treamtent/surgeries?

A

Control of hypertension

- the earlier the repair, the less systemic hypertension most likely

39
Q

What is Aortic stenosis

What can the stenosis manifest into?
Which can lead to what event?

A

Stricture of the aortic VALVE that is often progressive

Left sided Heart failure and thus pulmonary edema

can lead to MI or sudden death bc it can catch up with you

40
Q

What is Pulmonary stenosis

A

Narrowing of the pulmonary opening so valve or artery..

41
Q

Pulmonary stenosis outcome risks?

A

(narrowing of pulmonary artery)

Right sided heart failure
Cardiomegaly
Endocarditis

42
Q

Pulmonary stenosis manifestations?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Decreases pulmonary blood flow

43
Q

Treatment options for Pulmonary stenosis

What might they give to someone before treatment though to manage pulmonary stenosis?

A

Balloon angioplasty
Surgical valvotomy or valve repair

Might give prostaglandin E to keep the artery patent as much as possible

Peds Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions