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NS1 exam > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves

A 
olfactory 
optic 
oculomotor 
trochlear 
trigeminal 
abducens 
facial 
vestibulocochlear 
glossopharyngeal 
vagus 
accessory 
hypoglossal
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2
Q

diencephalon

A

forebrain - prosencephalon
thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus

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3
Q

telencephalon

A 
forebrain - prosencephalon
cortex
hippocampus 
amygdala
basal ganglia
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4
Q

mesencephalon

A 
mid brain
tectum 
tegmentum 
superior colliculi 
inferior colliculi 
motor nuclei
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5
Q

myelencephalon

A

hind brain - rhombencephalon

medulla

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6
Q

metencephalon

A

hind brain - rhombencephalon
pons
cerebellum

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7
Q

grey matter

A

unmyelinated

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8
Q

white matter

A

myelinated

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9
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

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10
Q

sulci
gyri
fissure

A

small grooves
bulges
large grooves

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11
Q

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

A

exoskeleton
organs
lining of organs

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12
Q

layers of the cortex

A 
molecular 
extra granular 
pyramidal 
inner granular 
ganglionic 
multiform
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13
Q

anterior / rostral

A

front of head

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14
Q

posterior / caudal

A

back of head

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15
Q

ventral

A

belly

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16
Q

dorsal

A

bsck

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17
Q

lateral

A

sides

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18
Q

superior

A

head

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19
Q

inferior

A

feet

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20
Q

frontal lobe

A

higher intellect, personality, language
executive function
motor control - M1
brocas area

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21
Q

parietal lobe

A

language (dominant hemisphere)
visuospatial (non-dominant)
sensitive to somatosensory and proprioceptive information
feedback from motor and premotor areas

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22
Q

temporal lobe

A

memory
language
auditory processing

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23
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual processing

perception

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24
Q

limbic lobe

A

motivation
emotion
learning
memory

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25
Q

limbic system

A 
hippocampus (cortical)
amygdala 
mammillary bodies 
nucleus accumbens
septal nuclei
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26
Q

hippocampus

A

memory

27
Q

amygdala

A

emotion

28
Q

mammillary bodies

A

memory

connect to hippocampus via fornix

29
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

behaviour and sleep

30
Q

septal nuclei

A

connected to olfactory bulb

31
Q

basal ganglia

A

motor movement, perception, memory, decision making, emotion

caudate nucleus 
putamen
globus pallidus
substrate nigra 
sub-thalamic nucleus
32
Q

hypothalamus

A 
homeostasis
emotion
thirst and hunger
cardiac rhythm 
ANS
33
Q

thalamus

A

relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex

34
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus

A

in thalamus
6 layers: M-cells, P-cells
relay centre for visual pathway

35
Q

medulla oblongata

A

most caudal part of brain
part of reticular formation here
regulated cardiovascular system, breathing, skeletal muscle tone

36
Q

pons

A

core of reticular formation here
controls sleep and arousal
carries signals to thalamus
contains nuclei that relay signals from forebrain to cerebellum
respiration, bladder control, hearing taste, eye movement, facial expression

37
Q

cerebellum

A 
motor control
coordination 
precision 
timing 
integrates sensory inputs from spine and brain and produces motor activity 
motor learning
38
Q

ventricles

A

lateral x2
third (from lateral via interventricular foramen / monro)
fourth (connected to third by cerebral aqueduct / aqueduct sylvius)

39
Q

CSF

A 
produced by choroid plexus
occupies ventricles, spine and subarachnoid space
protective roles
regulation of blood flow
maintains ionic concentration
produced from arterial blood
small amount produced by ependymal cells
40
Q

spine

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

41
Q

Motor areas

A

M1 - primary motor
suplemental motor - advance movement planning
pre-motor - planning actions
pre-frontal - links motor, limbic and perceptual regions

42
Q

broca’s area

A

speech production

expressive aphasia

43
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

learning subjective value encoding

active selection

44
Q

insula cortex

A 
pain perception
social engagement 
empathy
emotion
behind temporal lobe
45
Q

internal capsule

A

area of white matter
ascending and descending axons
info from M1
damage can cause hemiplegia

46
Q

wernicke’s area

A

language comprehension

fluent aphasia

47
Q

dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway

A 
cortex 
thalamus 
medial lemniscus 
dorsal column nuclei in medulla 
dorsal column in spine 
dorsal root axon in spine

touch, vibration, two point discrimination, proprioception

48
Q

spinothalamic pathway

A

cortex
thalamus
lateral spinothalamic tract in spine (via medulla)
dorsal root axon

pain, temp, some touch

49
Q

damage to superior parietal lobe

A

inability to guide limbs

50
Q

damage to inferior parietal lobe

A

apraxia - inability to perform learned tasks
left dominant
astereoagnosia - cant recognise objects by touch

51
Q

wernicke - geshwind connectionist model

A

laguage process in wernickes
angular gyrus and arculate fasciculus make words meaningful
ability to repeat words - brocas area

52
Q

basilar artery

A

arises from 2 vertebral arteries at junction between pons and medulla
divides into posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries

53
Q

circle of wilys

A

junction of basilar arteries
two internal carotid
two posterior cerebral arteries
one anterior communicating artery

54
Q

central artery

A

supply interior structures
diencephalon
corpus striatum
internal capsule

55
Q

anterior cerebral arteries

A

frontal and limbic

56
Q

middle cerebral arteries

A

frontal, parietal, temporal

57
Q

posterior cerebral arteries

A

occipital, parietal, temporal

58
Q

autonomic NS

A

unconscious
regulates body functions
PSNS
SNS

59
Q

somatic NS

A

voluntary control of movements via skeletal muscles

60
Q

afferent

efferent

A

away from stim / sensory

toward effectors / motor

61
Q

asymmetrical (grays 1) synapse

A

excitatory

62
Q

symmetrical (grays 2) synapse

A

inhibitory

63
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

antibodies against ACh

autoimmune disease

NS1 exam (3 decks)

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