Neuro Flashcards
Which cranial nerve is CN X?
Vagus nerve
Which cranial nerve is CN III?
Oculomotor
What cranial nerve is CN VII?
Facial nerve
What cranial nerve is CN IX?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What type of drugs inhibit uptake and prolonga transmitter’s action on postsynaptic receptors?
Cocaine/ -caine drugs
What type of drugs inhibits enzymes and prolongs and intensifies actions of acetylcholine?
Neostigmine, edrophonium, physostigmine
What type of drug binds and activates a-adrenoreceptors and B-adrenoreceptors?
Adrenoreceptor agonist
What type of drugs binds to and blocks a-adrenoreceptors and B-adrenoreceptors?
Adrenoreceptor antagonist
What type of drug binds to and activates muscarinic receptors?
Agonist
What type of drugs binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors?
Atropine
What is the hallmark triad of Horner syndrome?
- anhidrosis
- ptosis
- miosis
Symptoms also include enophthalmos and vasodilation
Where is serotonin produced?
GI tract and neurons in CNS
What is carcinoid syndrome?
Serotonin producing tumors
Increased urinary excretion of 5-HIAA
Attacks of flushing, increased HR, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
Extracellular glutamate is (increased/decreased) after stroke, trauma, or severe convulsions
Increased
What kind of receptor does Glutamate use?
NMDA
What is the most plentiful amino acid in the CNS?
Glutamate
Activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate may cause what?
Initiation of apoptosis
Activation allows Ca2+ entry-> activation of various proteases -> initiation of apoptosis
May also increase production of NO which may be toxic to cells
Where do vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) act?
Intestine
Inhibits smooth muscle contraction, causes vasodilation of secretory glands
Where do opioid peptides act?
Where are they made?
What are they?
What do they bind to?
In the brain and spinal cord
Made of amino acid chains and are synthesized in the CNS
Enkephalins, Endorphins, Dynorphins
Delta pain receptors, mu receptors, kappa receptors (respectively)
Where is substance P found?
In the CNS as a neurotransmitter and acts via neurokinin receptor 1
It is an 11 amino acid molecule
It is widely distributed in the central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems
Mediator of pain sensation and also found to have pro-inflammatory and immune supportive role
