Neuro

Question 1

Which cranial nerve is CN X?

Answer 1

Vagus nerve

Question 2

Which cranial nerve is CN III?

Answer 2

Oculomotor

Question 3

What cranial nerve is CN VII?

Answer 3

Facial nerve

Question 4

What cranial nerve is CN IX?

Answer 4

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 5

What type of drugs inhibit uptake and prolonga transmitter’s action on postsynaptic receptors?

Answer 5

Cocaine/ -caine drugs

Question 6

What type of drugs inhibits enzymes and prolongs and intensifies actions of acetylcholine?

Answer 6

Neostigmine, edrophonium, physostigmine

Question 7

What type of drug binds and activates a-adrenoreceptors and B-adrenoreceptors?

Answer 7

Adrenoreceptor agonist

Question 8

What type of drugs binds to and blocks a-adrenoreceptors and B-adrenoreceptors?

Answer 8

Adrenoreceptor antagonist

Question 9

What type of drug binds to and activates muscarinic receptors?

Answer 9

Agonist

Question 10

What type of drugs binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors?

Answer 10

Atropine

Question 11

What is the hallmark triad of Horner syndrome?

Answer 11

• anhidrosis
• ptosis
• miosis

Symptoms also include enophthalmos and vasodilation

Question 12

Where is serotonin produced?

Answer 12

GI tract and neurons in CNS

Question 13

What is carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 13

Serotonin producing tumors

Increased urinary excretion of 5-HIAA
Attacks of flushing, increased HR, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

Question 14

Extracellular glutamate is (increased/decreased) after stroke, trauma, or severe convulsions

Answer 14

Increased

Question 15

What kind of receptor does Glutamate use?

Answer 15

NMDA

Question 16

What is the most plentiful amino acid in the CNS?

Answer 16

Glutamate

Question 17

Activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate may cause what?

Answer 17

Initiation of apoptosis

Activation allows Ca2+ entry-> activation of various proteases -> initiation of apoptosis

May also increase production of NO which may be toxic to cells

Question 18

Where do vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) act?

Answer 18

Intestine

Inhibits smooth muscle contraction, causes vasodilation of secretory glands

Question 19

Where do opioid peptides act?
Where are they made?
What are they?
What do they bind to?

Answer 19

In the brain and spinal cord

Made of amino acid chains and are synthesized in the CNS

Enkephalins, Endorphins, Dynorphins

Delta pain receptors, mu receptors, kappa receptors (respectively)

Question 20

Where is substance P found?

Answer 20

In the CNS as a neurotransmitter and acts via neurokinin receptor 1

It is an 11 amino acid molecule

It is widely distributed in the central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems

Mediator of pain sensation and also found to have pro-inflammatory and immune supportive role