Neuro 8 Flashcards
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
Main function the cerebellum is to regulate the activity of the upper motor neurons. Receives signals from and sends signals to the cerebral cortex of the intended movement and the actual movement that takes place and makes appropriate adjustments according to this. The discrepancies can be used to mediate both short term and long term reductions in motor neurons.
What are the three different subdivisions of the cerebellum?
cerebrocerebellum
vestibulocerebellum
spinocerebellum
What is the function of the vestibulcerebellum?
influences balance and is also involved in head and eye movements
What is the function of the spinocerebellum?
makes appropriate adjustments to muscle movement
What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?
plays an important role in the planning and in the coordination of movement
Where does the cerebrocerebellum receive input from and where does it send output to?
Receives input from many different parts of the cerebral cortex and sends output to the motor corticies
Where does the vestibulocerebellum receive input from and where does it send output to?
Receives input from the vestibular nuclei within the brainstem and sends output to the vestibular nuclei
Where does the spinocerebellum receive input from an d where does it send its output to?
Receives input from the spinal cord and then delivers the output to the descending brainstem and corticospinal pathways
Provide one example of diffuse cerebellar disease:
Bilateral symmetric ataxia without weakness. Ataxia is characterised by an inability to regulate rate, range and force of movement.
What is a sign of unilateral cerebellar disease?
Much less common than diffuse disease, but when it does occur the deficits are typically located on the same side.
What are the structures that compose the basal ganglia and explain the general role of basal ganglia:
The basal ganglia refers to a collection of neuronal cells bodies that lie deep within the cerebral cortex. The relevant structures that are included consist of corpus striatum, globus pallidis, substantia nigra and subthalmic nucleus. No direct connection to LCN or LMN. The influence is mainly regulated by UMN. The basal nuclei primes UMN circuits for intiation of movements and suppress unwanted movements.
What are the clinical signs seen in horses with dysfunction of the basal ganglia and name the toxic plant that can cause this condition:
Ingestion of then poisonous plant “yellow star thistle” is associated with destruction of substantia nigra and globus pallidus. The main clinical signs are rigidity, particularly in the muscles of the head. Horses are unable to eat properly and purposeless chewing is likely to result.
