Neuro Flashcards
what are the three responses of the GCS
eye opening
motor response
verbal response
What is normal pupil size
2-6mm
What is a Babinski reflex? what age is it normal to see
positive when the toes fan when the bottom of the foot is stroked.
should only be seen up to age 1 (don’t want to see it when the patient can walk)
above age 1 toes should curl
what does a positive Babinski reflex mean when seen in someone above the age o 1
severe problem in the central nervous system
what are the 5 stages of grading reflex responses
0 no response
+1 present, sluggish or diminished
2+ active or expected response (normal)
4+ brisk, hyperactiv, with intermittent or transiet clonus
**clonus –> series of abnormal relfex movements of the foot induced by sudden dorsiflexion
what are 3 tests used to diagnose neuro problems
computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonace Imaging (MRI)
Cerebral Angiography
Are CTs done with dye
can be done with or without
what type of images does a CT show
slices/layers
can you talk in a CT
no and head must stay still
what is better in diagnosing CT or MRI
MRI - picks up on pathology earlier
is contrast used with an MRI
not susually
do tattoos matter when getting an MRI
yes, lead is used in the old ink
can you talk and move in a CT or MRI
MRI
can’t talk or move in CT
what should you always think when you see the word angiography
CONTRAST DYE
what happens in cerebral angiography
x-ray of cerebral circulation is taken using contrast dye
what vessel do they go through when doing a cerebral angiography
femoral
what needs to be done prior to the use of iodine based contrast dye
ensure patient is well hydrated so they can excrete the dye
what 3 things are important to be aware of piror to the use of contrast dye
BUN and creatine
Urinary output
hold metformin (donlt want to fuck your kidneys)
What sensation do people receiving contrast dye report
warmth in the face and metallic taste
how much bed rest is required for patients following any angiography procedure
4-6 hours
what are the 2 risks associated with angiography
BLEEDING/HEMORRHAGE
bleeding at femoral artery site
EMBOLUS
what are we worried about regarding emboli and cerebral angiographys
stroke like symptoms
what are electroencephalography’s used for (5)
diagnosing seizure disorders evaluate loss of consciousness and dementia screening procedure for coma indicator of brain death used to diangose sleed disorders
should sedatives be given prior to an EEG?
no–> decreases electrical activity of the brain