Neuro Flashcards
Tissue changes 12-24 hours after ischemic stroke
“Red neurons” (eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, loss of Nissl substance)
What can cause hemiballism?
Damage to the subthalamic nucleus (lacunar stroke)
Why doesn’t axonal regeneration occur in the CNS?
Due to the persistence of myelin debris, secretion of neuronal inhibitory factors, and development of dense glial scarring
Myasethenia gravis is associated with abnormalities of which organ?
Thymus (thymoma, thymic hyperplasia)
Patients with myasthenia gravis have what other condition?
Thymoma or thymic hyperplasia
Damage to thalamic ventral posterior lateral nucleus and ventral posterior medial nucleus would present with?
Complete contralateral sensory loss
What causes lacunar infarcts?
Small vessel occlusion due to lipohtalinosis and microatheroma formation in the penetrating vessels supplying deep brain structures
Major risk factors for lacunar infarcts?
Uncontrolled HTN and diabetes mellitus
Wilson’s disease causes cystic degeneration of which structures?
The putamen as well as other basal ganglia structures
What goes through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, CV V1, CN IV, CN VI, and superior opthalmic vein
Eye adduction depends on what nerve?
CN III innervating the medial rectus muscle
Nerves involved in the corneal reflex
Sensory limb = CN V1
Motor limb = CN VII
Pattern of vision loss after injury to Meyer’s loop in the temporal lobe
Contralateral superior quadrantanopia
Trochlear nerve innervates which muscle?
Superior oblique muscle, which causes the eye to intort and depress while aducted
Trochlear nerve palsy
Vertical diplopia that worsens when the affected eye looks down and toward the nose. Pts compensate by tucking the chin and tilting the head away from the affected eye
