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FOP 2 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Brain anatomy (minus lobes)

A

Composed of cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem
2 hemispheres-control contra lateral side
Right- spatial abilities, facial recognition, visual imagery, music
Left- maths, language, logic
Corpus Collumsum joins them together- intracerebral communication
Longitudinal and transverse fissures

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2
Q

What are the lobes?

A

Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

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3
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Front of central sulcus
Reasoning, planning, parts of speech, behaviour, voluntary movement, emotions, problem solving, brocad motor speech centre in the left hemisphere

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4
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Behind central sulcus
Processing perceptual info-touch, pressure, temperature, proprioception
Contains primary and sensory association centres.

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5
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A

Occlusive

Haemorrhagic

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6
Q

Why do haemorrhaging strokes occur?

A

Weakened blood vessel or brain aneurysm
Blood accumulates increasing the pressure within the brain tissue
2 types- intracerebral or subarachnoid

Intracerebral–> blood leaks causing the brain tissue to die. The affected part of the brain may stop working. Causes may include high blood pressure or age

Subarachnoid–> blood leaks into the area between the brain and covering tissue

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7
Q

Why do occlusive strokes occur?

A

Blockage- blood clot or other matter such as an air bubble. This is known as a embolism

Atherosclerosis may also be the cause. This is when fatty deposits build up on the indie walls of arteries. This causes the walls to harden and narrow

Other factors such as small vessel disease, heart conditions or arterial dissection may increase the chances.

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8
Q

What are the methods of assessment?

A

Accessory movements

Active and passive ROM

Shut eyes test

Sensory testing

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9
Q

Accessory movements

A

High tone patients will require accessory movements first

Opening of hands and feet

Accessory movements are joint movements that cannot be performed by the individual. They are examined passively to assess range and symptom response

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10
Q

Active and passive ROM

A

Allows you to see what levels of movement that they have

Can be used to increase the ROM

Use isotonic testing as it is more functional. Use the Oxford scale to test this.

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11
Q

Closed eyes test

A

Close eyes of patient.

Move affected limb into a position

Ask the patient to copy on the unaffected body part

Helps to show proprioception

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12
Q

Sensory testing

A

Only for parietal lobe stroke

Hot and cold, blunt and sharp, soft and hard pressure

Tracts include: pain is the lateral spinothalmic tract

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13
Q

What is the homunculus?

A

Entire body is represented spatially on the cortex in terms of if the amount of innervation

Motor and sensory

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14
Q

Stroke facts

A

3rd biggest killer
900,000 have shad strokes
150,000 a year
30% die, 30% normal, 40% disabled

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15
Q

What does the brain require?

A

Metabolism of the brain is aerobic

Consumes 25% of oxygen the body intakes

15% of cardiac output goes to brain

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16
Q

Risk factors that cause strokes

A 
Hypertension 
Is Ischaemic heart disease 
Smoking 
Diabetes 
Alcohol 
Obesity 
Sedentary lifestyle
17
Q

When is recovery greatest

A

The first 3 weeks

18
Q

Clinical presentation for occlusive

A

Post cerebral artery

  • visual defects
  • memory problems
  • sensory loss

Anterior Cerebral Arteries

  • Behavioural
  • Sensory loss
  • Monoplegia leg
19
Q

Clinical presentation intracerebral

A

L

20
Q

Occlusive management

A 
Bed rest
Analgesia 
CTscan 
Angiogram 
Aneurysm repair
21
Q

Intracerebral stroke management

A 
Bed rest 
ICU 
WAIT AND SEE 
evacuation of haemotoma 
Haemotoma superficial
22
Q

General management of stroke

A 
Medical
Hospital admission 
CT scan helping to diagnose 
Ultrasound of neck arteries 
Chest XRay, ECG, BP, blood cholestral

Medical treatment
Thrombolytic agents
Anticoagulant therapy
Presentation of CVA

23
Q

Risk factors of stroke

A 
Hypertension 
Obesity 
Alcohol 
Diabetes 
Smoking 
Ischaemic heart disease
24
Q

Causes of occlusive stroke

A

Obstruction or blockage- blood clot, embolism, turbulent blood flow

Atherosclerosis- fatty deposits build up on inside walls or arteries. Hardening and narrowing

25
Q

Clinical presentation of occlusive strokes

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery- visual effects, memory problems, sensory loss

Anterior cerebral artery- behavioural problems, sensory loss

26
Q

What is fall in cerebral blood flow called

A

Infarction

27
Q

Subarachnoid stroke
What percent?
Causes?

A

6% of stoked

Cerebral arteries lie between arachnoid and pia Mater

Aneurysm

28
Q

Management of subarachnoid stroke

A 
Bed rest 
Analgesia 
CT scan 
Angiogram 
Aneurysm repair

FOP 2 (4 decks)

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