CVR

Question 1

Bronchial Tree Anatomy

Answer 1

Trachea splits into bronchi. Right brochi is slightly larger. Bronchi are lined with same type of mucus as the rest of the respiratory tract.
Role= distribute air around the lungs
Alveoli exchange CO2 and O2

Question 2

Lobe Anatomy Right Lung

Answer 2

Right lung= upper, middle and lower lobe. Divided by 2 fissures- oblique and horizontal

• upper lobe is the largest. Extends from the apex of lung to horizontal and oblique fissures.
• middle lobe is the smallest. Located between horizontal and oblique fissures.
• lower beneath the oblique fissure

Question 3

Left Lobe Anatomy

Answer 3

Left lung is smaller and narrower. 2 loves divided by the oblique fissure.
Upper lobe is above the oblique fissure
Lower lobe is below the oblique fissure

Question 4

What is a fissure?

Answer 4

Double fold of visceral pleura forming a lung lobe

Question 5

Pleura Anatomy

Answer 5

Visceral= envelops the lung
Parietal= lines the inner chest wall
Pleural fluid lubricates the membranes

Question 6

Mechanics of breathing

Inspiration

Answer 6

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.

When diaphragm contracts it flattens- pressing down on abdominal contents and lifting thoracic cavity

Increasing the volume within the thoracic cavity

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles lead to elevation of ribs and sternum

Increase in lung volume

Causing a decrease in pressure

Pressure outside lungs is larger compared to the inside

Air rushes into the lungs as gas molecules

Move from an area of high pressure to low pressure

Question 7

Muscles of inspiration

Answer 7

Diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration

External intercostal- elevate ribs

Question 8

Accessory muscles of inspiration

Answer 8

Strenocleidmastoid elevates the sternum

Scalenes- elevate and fix the upper ribs

Question 9

Mechanics of Breathing

Expiration

Answer 9

Diaphragm and external l

Question 10

Treatments available

Answer 10

Medication 
Pain management 
Smoking cessation 
Weight loss
General health management 
Skin health 
Podiatry 
MDT: OT, dietician, specialist nurses 
Psychological support 
Physiotherapy

Question 11

COPD explanation

Answer 11

Causes: smoking (toxins). Long term damage to lungs

COPD is an umbrella term for CB and Emphysema