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2 TSM > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innveration route of Tensor veli palatini

A

Motor nucleus of trigeminal -> F. Ovale -> V3 (mandibular branch of trigeminal)

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2
Q

Which nerve carries motor fibers from motor trigeminal nucleus to tensor tympani?

A

V3

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3
Q

Which nerve supplies motor function to Anterior belly of digastric?

A

V3

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4
Q

Which nerve carries motor fibers to posterior belly of digastric?

A

VII

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5
Q

Which brainstem nuclei does motor innveration to stylohoid come from?

A

Motor nucleus of facial nerve

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6
Q

Which cranial nerve carries motor fibers to stapedius?

A

VII

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7
Q

Which autonomic ganglion supplies the lacrimal gland?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion via V2

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8
Q

What is the innervation course of the parotid gland

A

Inferior salivatory nu -> CN IX ->otic ganglion-> V3 -> parotid gland

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9
Q

Which brainstem nuclei supplies submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

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10
Q

What kind of nucleus is the Nucleus Ambiguus

A

Motor

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11
Q

What nerves carry fibers out from nucleus ambiguus?

A

X and IX

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12
Q

Which nerve carries motor fibers to stylopharyngeus?

A

IX

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13
Q

Which nerve carries motor fibers to palatoglossus?

A

CN X

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14
Q

Which nerves carry sensation fibers to the sensory nucleus of trigeminal?

A

V, VII, IX and X

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15
Q

Which nerve carries sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX

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16
Q

What information does the Nucleus of solitary tract receive?

A

Taste from CNVII and CN IX and CN X

Visceral sensation from CN X

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17
Q

Which nerve carries sensation from the eyelids?

A

CN V1

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18
Q

Which nerve carries motor fibres to cricothyroid?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve via vagus nerve

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19
Q

Which nerve carries motor fibres to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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20
Q

What embryological cells is the frontal bone derrived from?

A

Neural crest

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21
Q

What embryological cells is the parietal bone derrived from?

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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22
Q

What embryological cells is the laryngeals of the neck derrived from?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

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23
Q

What 2 processes is the 1st pharyngeal arch divided into?

A

Maxiullary and mandibular process

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24
Q

What does the first pharyngeal arch membrane become?

A

Tympanic membrane

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25
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal cleft become?

A

External auditory meatus

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26
Q

What forms the cervical sinus?

A

2nd 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches

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27
Q

Which cranial nerve is the 1st pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

CN V

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28
Q

Which cranial nerve is the 2nd arch associates with?

A

CN VII

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29
Q

Which CN is the 3rd pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

CN IX

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30
Q

Which pharyngeus muscle is associated with the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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31
Q

What muscles derrive from the 4th pharyngeal arch? - which nerve is is it associated with?

A

Muscles of pharynx and soft palate - superior laryngeal brunch of vagus

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32
Q

What muscles is the recurrent laryngeal nerve associated with?

A

Muscles of larynx - intrinsic muscles

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33
Q

What happens to the pharyngeal arch arteries?

A

Become the great vessels of the arch

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34
Q

What is the cause and presentation of a branchial cyst?

A

Failure of 2nd pharyngeal pouches to obliterate - forming a pouch filled with fluid in the neck.

Remains stationary on swallowing.

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35
Q

Describe treacher collins syndrome

A

Hyppplasia of cheeks and mandible
Colobomas/congenital scarring of eyelids
Downward slopping palpebral fissures
Poorly developed supraorbital ribs and cheeks
Receeding chin and malformation of the ear

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36
Q

What defect is treacher collins sd associated with?

A

1st pharyngeal arch neural crest defect

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37
Q

What genetic defect is associated with micrognathia, glossptosis, airway obstruction, cleft palate and small maxilla?

A

Peirre robin sequence - neural crest genetic defect

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38
Q

Describe Del22q11.2 syndrome

A

Facial dysmorphia with maxialla and mandible
Micrognathia, small mouth, posteriorly rotated ears
Cardivasciular defects
Frequent infections

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39
Q

Which defect includes face and cardiovascular defects?

A

Del22q11.2

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40
Q

What does the auditory tube form from?

A

1st pharyngeal pouch

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41
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Palatine tonsil

42
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

43
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Superior parathyroid gland

44
Q

Which arches fuse to form the tongue?

A

1st arch - CN v
2nd arch - regresses
3rd arch - CN IX
4th arch - CN X

45
Q

What forms the nasal septum

A

Ethmoid bone
Septal cartilage
Vomer

46
Q

What is the significance of Little’s Area?

A

Anastamoses of ICA and ECA

47
Q

What branches supply the superior part of the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery - from ICA

48
Q

What branches supply the inferior nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine artery and greater palatine artery - from ECA

49
Q

How does the blood supply of the nasal cavity drain?

A

Pterygoid plexus -> cavernous sinus

50
Q

What nerves carry general sensation fibers from the noise?

51
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator

52
Q

What kind of joint is between the condylar process and the mandibular fossa in the temporal bone?

53
Q

3 ligaments that stabilise the mandible

A

Lateral ligament

Sphenomandibular ligament

Stylomandibular ligament

54
Q

Which muscle helps to open the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

55
Q

Which muscle helps in side to side movement of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

56
Q

Which branch of V3 carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication?

A

Anterior division of V3

57
Q

Which nerve is responsible for headaches in TMJ syndrome?

A

Auriculotemporal branch of V3

58
Q

What sits in the infra-temporal fossa?

A

Branches of V3
Otic ganglion
Branchies of VII and IX

Maxillary artery & vein
Middle meningeal artery * vein

Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

59
Q

Which division of V3 carries nerve to mylohyoid?

A

Posterior division -> anterior alveolar nerve -> nerve to mylohyoid

60
Q

The lingual nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve - T or F?

A

F, lingual nerve is a branch of the posterior division of V3.

61
Q

Which CN carries autonomic fibres from the superior salivatory nucleus to the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglions?

62
Q

Which nerve carries parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Lingual nerve from v3

63
Q

Which nerve carries parasympathetic fibres from otic ganglion to the parotid gland?

A

Auricuclotemporal branch of V3

64
Q

What nerve carries sensory fibers to the maxillary gums?

A

Long buccal nerve from anterior division of V3

65
Q

What is the only motor fiber carried by the posterior division of V3?

A

Nerve to mylohyoid (and anterior digastric)

66
Q

List the 16 cranial nuclei in the brain stem

A 
EW
CN III motor
CN IV motor
CN V motor
CN VII motor
CN VI motor
NA motor
Sup salv
Inf salv
Dorsal vagus
Hypoglossal XII

Mesencephalic V
Chief sensory V
Spinal V

Vestibularcochlear VII

NST VII IX X

67
Q

What is the origin of the foreman caecum?

A

Remnant of the thyroid gland

68
Q

If hypoglossal nerve lesion is on left side, which side will the tongue deviate to?

69
Q

Which nerve carries motor fiber to levator veli palatini?

70
Q

Which muscle depresses the soft palate? Which nerve carries its motor fibers?

A

Palatopharyngeus - CN X

71
Q

What is another name for the false vocal cord?

A

Vestibular fold

72
Q

What is the innveration of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Mostly Ansa cervicalis (c2 c3)

Except thyrohyoid which is C1

73
Q

What are the innervations of the suprahyoid muscles

A

Anterior digastric is V3
Posterior digastric is VII

Mylohyoid is V3

Stylohyoid VII

Geniohyoid is C1

74
Q

What nerve carry sensory fibers to larynx?

A

Vagus nerve

75
Q

What nerve carries sensory fibers from the inner surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Glossopharyngeal IX

76
Q

Which 3 muscles elevate the pharyngeal wall during swallowing? Innervations?

A 
Palatopharyngeus = X
Stylopharyngeus = IX
Salpingopharyngeus  = X
77
Q

Which vertebrae is atlas and which is axis?

A

C1 is atlas, c2 is axis.

78
Q

What stabilises the odontoid process of c2?

A

Transverse ligament of the atlas

79
Q

Commonest fungal meningitis in the UK?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

80
Q

What kind of drug is clopidogrel?

A

Anti-platelet

81
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract originate from?

A

Superior colliculus in midbrain

82
Q

What does the basal ganglia consist of?

A 
Caudate nuclus
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra
83
Q

What does the striatum consist of?

A

Caudate and putamen

84
Q

What is the input of the striatum?

85
Q

What basal ganglia structure outputs to the thalamus?

A

Globus pallidus

86
Q

What is the direct pathway? From cortex to cortex

A

Cortex -> striatum -> GP -> ventolateral nucleus of thalamus -> cortex

87
Q

Decreased striatum activity leads to increase or decreased motor activity?

A

Decreased = hypokinesia

88
Q

Globus pallidus activity is excitatory or inhibitory on the ventro-lateral thalamus?

A

Inhibitory

89
Q

Loss of globus pallidus neurones account for symptoms of huntington’s disease - T or F?

A

True, GP is inhibitory to thalamus and motor activity

Loss of inhibition leads to hyperkinesia

90
Q

Subthalamic influence on the globus pallidus is excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory - therefore as GP is inhibitory to thalamus, subthalamic activity is inhibitory to motor activity.

91
Q

Loss of subthalamic nuclei activity leads to hyponkinetic disorders - T or F?

A

False - leads to hyperkinetic disorders due to loss of excitation on GP

92
Q

Loss of which basal ganglia structure leads to abulia?

A

Caudate nucleus

93
Q

What is the motor output destination of ventral lateral thalamus?

A

Supplementary motor area (SMA)

94
Q

Difference between function of caudate circuit and putamen circuit

A

Caudate circuit involved in cognitive planning of movement, initation of activity.

Putamen involved in execution of learned patterns of movement

95
Q

Order in most conscious to least conscious

1) coma
2) locked in syndrome
3) persistent vegetative state
4) brain death
5) minimally conscious state

A 
Minimally conscious state
Locked in syndrome
Persistent vegetative state
Coma
Brain death
96
Q

Order in most conscious to least conscious

1) confused
2) conscious
3) stuporous
4) obtunded
5) comatose
6) delirious
7) somnolent

A

1) conscious
2) confused
3) delirious
4) somnolent
5) obtunded
6) stuporous
7) comatose

97
Q

Where are corticopontine fibers located in the internal capsule?

A

Anterior limb

98
Q

The lacrimal nerve from V1 supplies parasympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland - T or F?

A

True, lacrimal Nerve from V1 carry sensory fibers from conjuctiva and skin of superior eyelid AND receives parasympathetic fibers from zygomaticotemporal branch of V2 bound for lacrimal gland.

99
Q

Steps to test function of superior oblique?

A

Adduct the eyeball first which uses MR (look inwards to nose)

Then to test SO, direct gaze downwards while adducted.

IR depresses eyeball but SO enables extreme depression of eyeball, especially in adducted state.

100
Q

Function of SO on its own?

A

Down and out

101
Q

Which nerve carries sympathetic fibers to the iris to enable constriction of pupils?

A

V1 via nasociliary nerve

102
Q

Which nerve carries motor fibres to stapedius and tensor tympani?

A

VII to stapedius and V3 to tensor tympani

2 TSM (3 decks)

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