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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

First line tx for pseudotumor cerebri (looks like pt has mass but don’t actually see one when imaging)

A

Acetazolamide (decreases CSF production by inhibiting choroid plexus anhydrase)

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2
Q

T/F: GBS is always preceded by GI illness/diarrhea

A

false, can be after URI

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3
Q

Tx for GBS

A

IVIG or Plasmapharesis

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4
Q

CSF fluid in GBS pt

A

Increased protein, normal wbc, normal glucose, normal rbc

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5
Q

+ Ice pack test

A

Myasthenia Gravis…ice pack leads to improvement of ptosis

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6
Q

Dementia + hallucinations/cognitive fluctuations/parkinsonism

A

Lewy body dementia

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7
Q

Abortive tx for migraines

A

Sumatriptan, NSAID, Metoclopromide (anti-emetic)

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8
Q

Prophylactic (preventative) for migraines

A

Topiramate, Propranolol

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9
Q

Patient is having a suspected stroke. Next step in mgmt?

A

CT head without contrast: Rule out intracranial hemorrhage

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10
Q

Sxs of Subarachnoid hemorrhage (i.e. hemorrhagic stroke)

A

Sudden-onset of severe headache that may be ass. with brief loss of consciousness, N/V, meningismus

(ischemic stroke has acute onset neuro sxs w/o HA or LOC)

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11
Q

T/F: You expect to see neuromuscular (asterixis, bradykinesia) and focal neuro deficits in metabolic encephalopathy

A

False, no neuro deficits

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12
Q

Ataxia, encephalopathy, ocular dysf(x)

A

Wernicke Encephalopathy –> most commonly seen in malnourished pts/alcoholics

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13
Q

Riluzole is a _____ inhibitor used to tx ______

A

Glutamate inhibitor; ALS

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14
Q

What is myasthenic crisis and what precipitates it?

A

Increased general/oropharyngeal weakness + respiratory insufficiency/dyspnea. ppt by infection, surgery, meds. Tx = intubation + Plasmapharesis/IVIG (not increasing MG drugs)

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15
Q

weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, flat t waves, diuretic use

A

Hypokalemia

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16
Q

fluid-filled cavity within cervical and thoracic spinal cord most commonly ass. with Chiari I

A

Syringomyelia

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17
Q

Areflexic weakness in UE + sensory loss in a cape distribution

A

Syringomyelia

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18
Q

Degeneration of the dorsal and lateral white matter/tracts of spinal cord

A

= Subacute combined degen = B12 def

impaired vibration/proprioception + spastic muscle weakness

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19
Q

Tx for tic doulereux (trigeminal neuralgia)

A

Carbamazepine

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20
Q

T/F: Weakness and muscle wasting is seen in LMN lesion, not UMN lesion

A

False, it can be seen in both `

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21
Q

How to tx cancer pain?

A

Mild/moderate: nsaids/acetaminophen

Severe: SHORT acting opioids (morphine, hydromorphone). can later add long-acting.

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22
Q

Patient with altered brain function likely has ______itis, not _______itis

A

encephalitis, not meningitis

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23
Q

CSF findings of lymphocytic pleocytosis (increased lymphocytes), normal opening pressure, increased protein and rbc, normal glucose

A

HSV encephalitis

bacterial has decreased glucose and increased neutrophils

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24
Q

most common site ulnar nerve entrapment

A

elbow (medial epicondylar groove)…decrease 4/5 digit sensation + weak grip (interosseous mm)

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25
Q

Parkinsons tremors are more pronounced with ______ and _______

A

Distractibility (performing mental tasks) and re-emergence (tremor goes away with movement and comes back once you stop)
–>due to loss of DA neurons in basal ganglia

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26
Q

Papilledema, HA, vision loss, CN 6 palsy, normal CT

A

Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial htn)

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27
Q

medications than cause pseudotumor

A

Growth hormone
Tetracyclines
Excessive vitamin A and derivs (Isoretinoin, ATRA)

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28
Q

unilateral foot drop (steppage gait) is caused by:

A

Peroneal neuropathy or L5 radiculopathy

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29
Q

rapid dementia, possibly young patient, and +Myoclonus and triphasic discharges on EEG

A

CJD

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30
Q

Early onset dementia (30-50), grimacing, ataxic gait, progressive choreoform movements

A

Huntington’s Dz (AD chrom 4 defect, striatal neuro degen)

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31
Q

how can you differentiate spinal cord compression from GBS in a patient with LE weakness/neuropathy?

A

Spinal: possibly back pain. +UMN sxs i.e. + Babinski, hyperreflexia. Sensory findings and motor

GBS: Motor. no UMN signs.

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32
Q

Tremor thats exacerbated by caffeine, anxiety, or other SNS activity

A

Physiologic tumor

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33
Q

Tx of restless leg syndrome (usually worse at night)

A

Dopamine agonists (pramiprexole, ropinorole). Also, Iron supplementation if IDA.

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34
Q

most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in children

A

AV malformation rupture

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35
Q

rupture of meningeal artery

A

Epidural hematoma (2 to trauma)`

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36
Q

ruptured saccular (berry) aneurysms cause:

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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37
Q

vertigo, tinnitius, sensorineural hearing loss

A

Menieres dz

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38
Q

weakness more pronounced in upper extremities, following hyperextension injury in elderly with pre-existing degenerative changes

A

Central Cord syndrome

-b/c UE motor fibers are closer to central part of Corticospinal tract

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39
Q

bilateral LMN spastic paresis following anterior spinal artery occlusion

A

Anterior Cord syndrome

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40
Q

Sxs in thrombotic vs embolic ischemic strokes

A

thrombotic: sxs fluctuate…stuttering progression with periods of improvement
embolic: rapid onset with maximal sxs @ onset

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41
Q

monocular vision loss, painful eye movements, afferent pupillary defect

A

Optic neuritis (first sx of MS)

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42
Q

most common cause of CN III palsy in adults

A

Ischemic neuropathy secondary to Diabetes

-Ptosis, Down-and-out gaze (lost EOMs), preserved pupillary response (vs Nerve compression you lose pupillary response!)

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43
Q

how do you differentiate btwn CN III nerve compression vs ischemia? (palsy)

A

compression: impaired pupillary response (b/c parasympathetic fibers)
ischemia: preserved pupillary response

both have down and out gaze, ptosis

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44
Q

why get a chest CT whens suspecting myasthenia gravis?

A

Thymoma (anterior mediastinal mass)

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45
Q

major cause of death from SAH within 24 hours

A

rebleeding

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46
Q

major cause of delayed morbidity and mortality (3-10 days) after SAH

A

Vasospasm

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47
Q

how do you prevent post-SAH vasospasm (usually days 3-10)

A

Nimodipine

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48
Q

Xanthochromia in CSF (LP)

A

SAH

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49
Q

Patient with myasthenia gravis develops respiratory insufficiency after recent infection, surgery, pregnancy, or meds (fluoroquinolones, beta blockers, etc)

A

Myasthenic Crisis….life-threatening

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50
Q

unilateral retro-orbital pain + ipsilateral autonomic manifestations (ptosis, rhinorhea, miosis). Has redness with tearing but no visual changes.

A

cluster headaches

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51
Q

how can you differentiate btwn thiamine deficiency (wernicke) and b12 def in an anorexic patient with neuro sxs?

A

Thiamine: +oculomotor sxs, mental status changes

B12: mental status changes without oculomotor sxs

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52
Q

who gets Wernicke Encephalopathy?

A

Alcoholics, but ALSO
Anorexics
Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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53
Q

clinical features of wernicke encephalopathy?

A

Oculomotor changes (i.e. nystagmus)
Postural/gait ataxia
Encephalopathy

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54
Q

T/F: Presence of hallucinations makes a psychotic disorder more likely than delirium in an elder adult

A

False, hallucinations can occur during delirum

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55
Q

risk factors for delirium

A 
Age
Prior stroke
Dementia
Parkinson's dz
sensory impairment
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56
Q

How can you differentiate btwn alzheimers and NPH in a patient that is wet, wobbly, wacky?

A

Initially memory problems: Alzheimers
Initially gait difficulties: NPH

I.e. if urinary incontinence for years and then memory problems and last gait, still alzheimers

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57
Q

damage to optic nerve vs opthalmic branch of trigeminal

A

Optic: Monocular blindness! and afferent pupillary defect

Ophtalmic: loss of sensation over eye, i.e. corneal abrasion but not feeling eye pain.

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58
Q

what is positional claudication and when is it seen in relation to back pain?

A

Pain that is positional…_when upright with exercise but relieved by sitting. Seen in Spinal stenosis i.e. lumbar stenosis. Need an MRI

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59
Q

When would you suspect spinal stenosis (i.e. lumbar stenosis) and what would be your next step?

A

When patient has positional claudication in reference to back pain (worse when standing better when sitting).

MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI

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60
Q

what is transverse myelitis and who gets it?

A 
MS patients (after optic neuritis). 
-sensorimotor loss below level of lesion with bowel and bladder dysf(x). Initiallly flaccid paralysis, then hyper reflexia and spastic paralysis
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61
Q

what is internuclear opthalmoplegia and who gets it?

A 
MS patients (after optic neuritis)
-demyeline MLF = impaired conjugate gaze so ipsilateral eye can't adduct
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62
Q

compression of spinal nerve roots i.e. from metastatic prostate cancer, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, etc

A

Cauda equina syndrome

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63
Q

what is the function of the Cauda Equina?

A

lumbosacral nerve roots below L2, so sensory to saddle area, motor to sphincters (anal/urethral), parasympathetic to bowel/bladder

64
Q

Sxs of cauda equina syndrome

A

bilateral severe radicular back pain, saddle anesthesia, LMN signs only, asymmetric motor weakness, hyporeflexia, late-onset bowel/bladder dysf(x)

65
Q

Sxs of conus medullaris syndrome

A

sudden-onset severe back pain, perianal anesthesia, symmetric motor weakness, HYPERreflexia, (UMN and LMN signs), late-onset bowel/bladder dysf(x)

66
Q

Cauda equina syndrome shows only LMN signs, but Conus medullaris syndrome shows both UMN and LMN. Why?

A

Cauda equina: compression of lumbosacral nerve roots = peripheral nerves = LMN

Conus medullaris: conus is part of the spinal cord to both UMN and LMN

for both, emergency MRI + steroids + neurosurg consult

67
Q

lipohyalinosis and microatheroma of small vessels leading to stroke

A

Lacunar infarct. Risk factors = diabetes, htn, hypercholesterolemia and smoking

68
Q

complications of heat stroke

A

defined as T>40C + AMS

-rhabdomyolysis, ARDS, coagulopathic bleeding (perisistent epistaxis i.e)

69
Q

T/F: symmetrical proximal weakness is seen in Lambert Eaton and not MG

A

False, can be seen in both

70
Q

most common cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

hypertensive vasculopathy

71
Q

2 most common organisms for brain abscess (non-HIV)

A

Staph aureus and Strep Viridans

72
Q

Patient is stabbed, and they now have loss of motor and reflexes in muscles on right LE, loss of MVP on right and loss of pinprick sensation on left below umbilicus

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Loss of ipsilateral Corticospinal (motor) and DC-ML (MVP including light touch) and contralateral Spinothalamic

73
Q

Parkinson’s patient receives first-line medication. What side effects?

A

So they got Carb/Levodopa. Expect confusion/somonlence and HALLUCINATIONS since its a dopamine agonist #psych

74
Q

Is NPH due to increased CSF production or decreased CSF absorption?

A

Decreased absorption

75
Q

Tremor thats absent at rest and worsens with movement

A

Essential tremor

76
Q

sxs of lacunar infarct, which are commonly associated with HTN

A

acute unilateral motor weakness w/o sensory/cortical deficits. usually affect posterior limb of internal capsule

77
Q

Atrophy of the caudate nucleus, seen as enlarged lateral ventricles

A

Huntington’s dz

78
Q

what is the big risk with prolonged seizure/status epilepticus?

A

Cortical laminar necrosis

79
Q

how does PCA thrombosis present?

A

Occipital ischemic stroke = contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

80
Q

Night time headaches, papilledema, nausea, focal neuro deficits

A

think brain tumor. If CT negative, think pseudotumor cerebri

81
Q

Who gets pseudotumor?

A

FAT CHICKS

82
Q

Tx for pseudotumor?

A

Weight loss and Acetazolamide

83
Q

Sxs of pseudotumor aka idiopathic intracranial htn?

A

HA (especially night time), transient vision loss, pulsatile tinnitus, diplopia. look for papilledema and negative CT

84
Q

What autonomic dysf(x) is seen in 70% of Guillain Barre patients?

A

Tachycardia, urinary retention, and arrythmias. Occurs over days/weeks (not hours)

85
Q

CSF findings for GBS

A

albuminocytologic dissociation = high protein with few cells

86
Q

major complication of pseudotumor if not treated?

A

blindness

87
Q

signs of cerebellar dysf(x) commonly seen in alcoholics

Note: getting neuro signs in alcoholic but not wernickes

A

gait instability, truncal ataxia, difficulty with rapidly alternating movements (dysdiadochokinesia), hypotonia, intention tremor

88
Q

tx for NPH

A

Serial LPS, and possibly VP shunt

89
Q

3 cardinal signs of parkinsons

A

Resting tremor
Bardykinesia (i.e. takes longer to get out of bed)
Rigidity
2/3 = dx

Postural instability also occurs = falls, loss of balance when when turning or stopping

90
Q

what does + Pronator drift indicate?

A

Pyramidal tract/Corticospinal tract or UMN lesion

vs Romberg test is for proprioception

91
Q

non-pharm mgmt of delirum

A

reduce night time noise/disturbance, verbal orientation, reassurance, interactions with family members, trained sitter @ bedside

92
Q

patient with foot drop due to compression from prolonged immobilization, leg crossing (i.e. meditation or sitting), or protracted squatting. Which nerve?

A

Common peroneal/fibular. Presevered plantar flexion, unilateral foot drop, impaired dorsiflexion (cant walk on heel), numbness/tingling

93
Q

how soon do you start aspirin and heparin after stroke?

A

NO HEPARIN AFTER STROKE SON.

Aspirin is started now (w/in 48 hours) for future stroke prevention if cause is atherosclerotic. if it is septic embolus, i.e., wouldn’t be used.

94
Q

tx of menieres dz (vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss)

A

diuretics and salt restriction

95
Q

FND + Vertigo

A

Central lesion

96
Q

central lesions responsible for vertigo

A

Posterior Fossa!!!! Tumor, CVA (stroke), MS, abscess/seizure/migraine, meds

97
Q

Patient with Parkinsonism experiencing impotence, orthostatic hypotension, incontinence, dry mouth, etc (autonomic sxs)

A

Multiple System Atrophy (Shy-Dragler syndrome)

98
Q

impaired heel-to-shin, difficulty with balance and wide-based gait, preserved finger to nose in an alcoholic

A

Cerebellar degeneration (not b12). Get postural incoordination but intact limb coordination (finger to nose)

99
Q

Patient with Bell’s palsy and forehead sparing

A

Intracranial lesion!!! Bilateral UMN innervation means that it will be intact even if one side fucked, so only lower facial weakness (won’t see inability to raise eyebrow or close eye). If LMN lesion this side of the forehead is fucked.

100
Q

what is Presbycusis?

A

age-related hearing loss. note: tinnitus can be present

101
Q

triggers for vasovagal (neurocardiogenic) syncope

A

prolonged standing
emotional distress
painful stimuli

102
Q

T/F: Patients may experience general feeling of warmth, dizzyness, nausea, diaphoresis, abdominal pain prior to vasovagal syncope

A

true. Excess vagal tone causes profound hypotension and bradycardia due to autonomic reflex

103
Q

patient with prior hallucinations presenting with rigidity, profound fever, AMS, autonomic dysregulation

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

104
Q

MMSE < ___/30 = dementia

A

24

105
Q

how do you differentiate btwn alzheimers and frontotemporal dementia

A
  1. Age: Pick’s is 40-60yo, AD usually >60
  2. Sx progression: Picks starts with more personality changes/loss of social restraints, and then followed my the memory loss/confusion. AD starts with memory loss.
106
Q

tx of fibromyalgia

A

TCA (amytryptiline) or snri + regular exercise

107
Q

side effects of amitryptiline

A

TCA so interacts with everything:

  • anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
  • antihistamine: lethargy, wt gain
  • anti-alpha: Orthostatic Hypotension,
108
Q

tx for cluster headache (abortive)

A

100% O2. can use sumatriptan if needed

109
Q

tx for cluster headache (prophylactic)

A

verapamil, lithium

110
Q

1st and 2nd line tx for essential tremor

A

1st: beta blocker
2nd: benzo (clonazepam), alcohol, primidone (anticonvulsants). obvi not used unless BB fails

111
Q

family history + of slowly worsening tremor that increases with action/movement

A

essential tremor

112
Q

what does MRI show for toxoplasmosis

A

MULTIPLE ring-enhancing lesions in BASAL GANGLIA

113
Q

what does MRI show for primary CNS lymphoma

A

SINGLE ring-enhancing lesion PERIVENTRICULAR

114
Q

+ EBV DNA in the CSF

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma. MRI will show single periventricular ring-enhancing lesion

115
Q

who gets MG?

A

women 20-30

men 60-80

116
Q

1st line tx for MG

A

PYRIDOGSTIGMINE = ACHE Inhibitor

NOT IVIG…this is used for myasthenic crisis when theres respiratory failure

117
Q

who get bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia and describe what it is

A
  • MS patients
  • lesions of MLF
  • conjugate horizontal gaze affected…ipsilateral eye cant adduct. so when looking left, left eye abducts properly but right eye stays midline. same vice versa since bilat
118
Q

mydriasis, ptosis, and down and out eye

A

Oculomotor nerve palsy

119
Q

cause of oculomotor nerve palsy

A

Nerve compression via PCA aneurysm (would include mydriasis b/c PNS on periphery ) or microvesicular nerve ischemia (Diabetes)

120
Q

stepwise decline in executive function and memory

A

vascular dementia

121
Q

rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, possibly young

A

CJD (prion)

122
Q

how can you differentiate btwn vascular dementia and NPH in a wet, wobbly, wacky patient who started wobbly?

A

Unilateral FND are common in Vascular, but not NPH

123
Q

pupils that constrict when looking at finger on nose but poorly constrict when light flashed

A

Argyll-Robertson pupils: Tabes Dorsalis aka tertiary neurosyphillis

124
Q

Sensory ataxia aka +Romberg, lancinating/shooting pains in the face and back, irregular pupil constriction, neurogenic urinary incontinence. Tx?

A

Tabes Dorsalis aka neurosyphillis. Give IV penicillin

125
Q

Tx for delirium patient with lots of agitation

A

Anti-psychotics, usually Haldol. Avoid benzos

126
Q

t/f: Lewy body dementia patients will ddisplay some parkinsonism features

A

True beta

127
Q

eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies composed of alpha-synuclein

A

Lewy Bodies. seen in PD and Lewy body dementia. Look for +visual hallucinations to make dx LBD. Also, LBD has early dementia, vs PD has very very late dementia

128
Q

T/F: Occipital HA is caused by occipital lobe hemorrhage

A

False, usually cerebellar hemorrhage

129
Q

bilateral trigeminal neuralgia

A

MS !!! Demyelination of the nerve nucleus

130
Q

what do you expect on CSF studies of GBS patient?

A

Increased protein, normal wbc

131
Q

Patient comes in with stroke. What do you need to do before giving tpa/alteplase? Assume it has been less then 4.5 hours

A

Must r/o hemorrhagic stroke by getting non-contrast CT

also check for CI’s

132
Q

What is another word for shuffling gait, seen in _____ Disease?

A

Hypokinetic gait seen in Parkinsons dz

133
Q

dilated, non-reactive pupil
unilateral orbitofrontal HA with N/V
unilateral eye pain with conjunctival injection

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

134
Q

first line tx for alzheimers dementia

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

–>Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

135
Q

How do you abort a seizure?

A

Bens Phunny Midwife-Pro Barb

  1. Benzo (lorazapem/diazepam). if still:
  2. Phenytoin
  3. Midazolam + Propofol
  4. Phenobarbital
    - ->once aborted, draw labs and reverse any underlying cause
136
Q

Chronic therapy to decrease risk of seizures in epileptic

A

Options are valproate, lamotrigine, levitracetam

  • Partial: Carbamazepine Phenytoin
  • Generalized: Valproate or Lamotrigine
  • Atonic (no LOC): Valproate
  • Myoclonic: Valproate
137
Q

most common common stroke (vessel)

A 
MCA (90%)
-->weakness/sensory loss on CONTRALATERAL SIDE. Upper Limb and Face (sensory-motor)
-->vision on loss opposite to lesion...
EYES will deviate TOWARD LESION side 
-->clue its on left side: Aphasia.
-->Wernicke: Temporal; Broca: Frontal
138
Q

random neuro arteries

A

AAA: Affects Anterior Spinal A = spastic paralysis and loss of proprioception
Locked in Syndrome: Basilar artery
Berry/Saccular Aneurysm: PCom (CN III Palsy)

The 2 Vertebrals (AICA and PICA come off it) form the Basilar, which goes and forms the circle of willis with PCA first branch, PCom to MCA etc

139
Q

AICA and PICA stroke

A

AICA: Facial droop means AICAs pooped…Paralysis of face, dec lacrimation/salivation/taste.

  • ->Ipsilat loss of pain/temp face
  • ->Contralat loss of pain/temp body

PICA (comes off vertebral): Lateral Medullary syndrome aka Wallenberg

  • ->Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus. Dysphagia. Hoarseness. Ataxia. Dysmetria
  • ->Ipsilat HORNERS syndrome
  • ->Ipsilat loss of pain/temp face
  • ->Contralat loss of pain/temp body
140
Q

Posterior circulation is composed of 2 _____ arteries forming the _____ artery. Strokes here cause

A

vertebral
basilar
cerebellar deficits, change in mental status, and blindness

141
Q

Anterior circulation is composed of :

deficits here:

A

MCA and ACA

feed teh speech centers, motor and sensory strips (homunculus)

142
Q

first part of stroke management

A

non-contast CT to r/o hemorrhage

143
Q

what do you give to all stroke patients (acute management meds)?

A

ASPIRIN ASPIRIN ASPIRIN STATIN STATIN STATIN
Aspirin allergy? sub Clopidogrel
Seizure on asp (aka already on aspirin)?
–>Do Aspirin + Dipyramidole
NEVER HEPARIN NEVER HEPARIN NO HEPARIN

144
Q

mgmt of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Neurosurg
SBP <150
FFP!!!

145
Q

After a stroke is acutely managed, which of the following tests are needed: ECG, ECHO, Carotid US

A

all, in order to prevent the next stroke
ECG: check afib. Yes? Anticoagulate (Warfarin no bridge)
Echo: thrombus? Anticoagulate (Heparin bridge to Warfarin)
US Carotid: <70% meds; >70% = stent/carotid endarterectomy
(remember, this is after the acute episode is over. You don’t use heparin/warfarin in the acute setting. This is for long-term prevention)

146
Q

dizziness caused by central lesions are _____ and _____ (quality) and usually a structural lesion of the ____ ___

A

chronic and progressive; Posterior Fossa: Look for cranial nerve deficits. GET AN MRI
(Stroke, Posterior fossa tumor, MS, meds, abscess, migraine, seizure)

147
Q

dizziness caused by peripheral lesions are _____ (quality) and are usually in the ______

A

acute
EAR EAR EAR EAR EAR EAR EAR EAR: hearing loss/tinnitus
(Labryinthitis, Menier’s, BPPV)

148
Q

FND + Vertigo =

A 
Central Lesion (CVA, Posterior Fossa Tumor, MS, meds, abscess/migraine/seizure). GET AN MRI
-->Vertebrobasilar insufficiency.
149
Q

_____ is caused by otolith (which irritates the hairs) of the semicircular canals

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

150
Q

Vertigo and rotary nystagmus on head movement thats usually transient (<1) min. Dz and tx

A

BPPV (otolith).

  • ->can be reproduced by Dix-Hallpike
  • ->Movement exercises dislodge/break up the stone = cures the patient
  • ->Epley manuever is curative
151
Q

Vertigo, n/v, hearing sxs for 4 weeks after a URI

A

Labrynthitis/vetibular neuritis. Give steroids or meclizine. may have on/off sxs for months

152
Q

Vertigo + hearing loss + tinnitus. unrelated to movement.

A

Meniere’s

153
Q

what differentiates menieres from BPPV

A

time. BPPV usually transient (<1 min)

Menieries usually dizzyness around 30 min

154
Q

treatment for menieres disease (vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus)

A

DIURETICS AND LOW SALT DIET

155
Q

how do you differentiate syncope from vertigo

A

Syncope: Black out/light headed/chest pain/SOB (LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS) –> cardiac

Vertigo: Room spins/unsteady. no LOC. Diff central vs peripheral based on FND (central) vs tinnitius/hearing loss/ear stuff (peripheral)

Step 2 UWORLD (17 decks)

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