NEURO Flashcards
1
Q
peripheral tissues vs CNS repair
A
- peripheral:
- fibroblasts migrate to area of injury and help with tissue repair
- CNS:
- astrocytes migrate to area of necrosis within 2 weeks
- necrotic tissue resorbed, cystic space formed (surrounded by astrocytes) + newly formed capillaries
- GLIOSIS=enlargment and proliferation of astrocytes peripherally a/r the area of necrosis
2
Q
supraoptic (hypothalamic nuclei)
A
secretion of ADH and oxytocin
3
Q
paraventricular (hypothalamic nuclei)
A
- ADH, CRH, oxytocin, TRH secretion
- corticotropin, thyrotropin
4
Q
arcuate (hypothalamic nuclei)
A
secretes:
- DA (inhibits prolactin)
- GHRH (growth hormone)
- GRH (gonadotropin)
5
Q
venttromedial vs. lateral hypothalamic nuclei
A
vent: “Im full” (fatty without me)…lat: “im hungry” (ano without me)
6
Q
CO2 and cerebral vaculature
A
- CO2 is a POTENT vasoDILATOR
- tachypnea causes hypocapnia and cerebral vasoCONSTRICTION…thereby DEC cerebral blood volume and ICP
7
Q
bacterial meningitis termed
A
- classic triad:
- stiff neck
- altered mentation
- **fever
- eval requires:
- prompt blood cultures
- empiric AB
- lumbar puncture
- CSF analysis
- eval helps:
- confirm diagnosis
- id offending organism
- determine AB susceptibility
8
Q
What is the mc primary cerebral neoplam in adults?
A
- GLIOBLASTOMA-arises from astrocytes, located within cerebral hemispheres
- can enlargen and cause mass effect with midline shift
- may cross corpus callosum (butterfly glioma)
9
Q
glioblastoma CP
A
- weeks of episodic HA, nausea, progressive weakness
- seizures
10
Q
schwannomas CP
A
- sensorineural hearing loss
- tinnitus
11
Q
normal pressue hydrocephalus in elderly patients
A
- triad:
- ataxic gait
- urinary incontinence
- dementia
- PP: distortion of paraventricular area
- later: loss of cortical inhibition on the sacral micturition center causes development of urge incontinence
12
Q
what is spared by nml pressure hydrocephalus
A
- cerebellar
- basal ganglia
- pontine reticular formation
13
Q
ataxia-telangiectasia
A
CEREBELLAR ATROPHY LEADS TO ATAXIA
14
Q
peroxismla disease (NOT MIT) termed
A
- very long chain and some branched chain FA cant undergo mit beta-oxidation..theyre special, need PEROXISOMES
- s/s: hypotonia, seizures, hepatomegaly, mental retardation,e arly death
- get neuro defects d/t improper CNS myelination
15
Q
SAH and saccular berry aneuryms
A
two peas in a pod