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Radiology > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Although CT is more widely used, what XR views are needed for C-spine?

A

AP
Lateral
Odontoid view

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2
Q

What does CT detect better than MRI?

A

blood

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3
Q

What is better about MRI in the skull base?

A

no bony artifacts

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4
Q

What do we look for symmetry on odontoid view?

A

lateral masses aligned

margins of medial C1 lateral mass with the odontoid

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5
Q

How big is the soft tissue in front of C2? C7?

A

7mm

20mm

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6
Q

what is wackenheim’s line?

A

Line extending posteriorly from the clivus

Normally is tangential to or intersects the posterior 1/3 of the dens. Means skull base is in proper alignment with C1 C2

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7
Q

What is a chance fracture?

A
  • Common flexion injury secondary to seatbelt use in high speed MVA.
  • Fracture through posterior elements and vertebral body.
  • High incidence of concomitant abdominal organ injury
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8
Q

what do we look for in hemorrhagic contusions on MR?

A

gradient sequence

blooming

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9
Q

Loss of normal gray/white junction density difference is suggestive of what?

A

Stroke

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10
Q

Narrowed ventricle and asymmetry we should think?

A

mass effect like subdural hematoma

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11
Q

what does clotting blood look like on non-contrast CT?

A

bright

Normal bright structures include:
Bones
Choroid plexus
Pineal Gland
Falx calcifications
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12
Q

What is T1 good for? what color is CSF? what color is grey compared to white? What color is fat?

A

anatomy
CSF is dark
Grey darker than white
Fat is bright

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13
Q

What is T2 good for? what color is CSF? what color is grey compared to white? What color is fat?

A

pathology
CSF is bright
gray matter is brighter than white
fati is kind of bright

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14
Q

what is different about flair?

A

normal fluid is dark T2, but pathologic fluid of any abnormality is bright

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15
Q

what is diffusion good for?

A

stroke/abscess

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16
Q

in diffusion what is the CSF color? what is normal brain parenchyma?

A

dark

low in signal intensity

17
Q

What does bright on diffusion equal?

A

restriction

acute stroke, abscess, blood, tumor

18
Q

DIFFUSION FINDING MUST BE WHAT COLOR ON ADC TO BE REAL?

A

DARK

19
Q

what is gradient good for?

A

blood

20
Q

gradient looks like washed out T2, what makes blood bloom?

A

ferromagnetic substances

21
Q

T1 with contrast is good for pathology, what kind of stuff enhances?

A

SQ tissues, Muscles, choroid plexus, arteries and veins

normally, brain parenchyma does not enhance

22
Q

What are the early CT findings of stroke

A 
obscuration of basal ganglia
hyperdense artery
loss of grey white differentiation
effacement
mass effect
23
Q

Does epidural hematoma cross suture?

A

no

24
Q

what doesn’t subdural hematoma cross?

A

falx nor tentorium

25
Q

when do we see rebleed acute on chronic subdural hematomas? what do they look like?

A

child abuse or elderly who keep falling

multiple lines of bleed and clot

26
Q

where does SAH blood settle?

A

Blood settles into the sulci, basilar cisterns, and ventricles

27
Q

With SAH what two things should we consider if no trauma?

A

AVM or aneurysm

28
Q

what is the bleeding difference between intraparenchymal hemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury

A

intraparenchymal are contusions with largery bleeds, DIA is tiny hemorrhages located at the grey-white junction and in the deep white matter

29
Q

Magic Dr.

A 
mets
abscesses
gliomas
infarct- subacute not acure
contusion
demylineation
resolving hematoma
30
Q

can an epidural hematoma cross the falx?

A

yes

31
Q

what is the line from clivus through dens?

A

wackenheim’s line- if anterior means A-O dislocation

32
Q

what is the fracture of C1 called?

A

jefferson’s

33
Q

what does diffuse brain edema look like?

A

gray white looks all homogenized

Radiology (8 decks)

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