Neuro

Question 1

optic canal

Answer 1

optic nn

Question 2

superior orbital fissue

Answer 2

III
IV
V1
V1

Question 3

foramen rotundum

Answer 3

V2

Question 4

foramen ovale

Answer 4

V3

Question 5

foramen spinosum

Answer 5

middle menigeal a

Question 6

foramen lacerum

Answer 6

internal carotid, does not go all the way thru, exits via carotid canal

Question 7

internal auditory meatus

Answer 7

VII

VIII

Question 8

jugular foramen

Answer 8

IX
X
XI
sigmoid sinus to inferior jugular v

Question 9

hypoglossal canal

Answer 9

XII

Question 10

what are some CIs to OMT

Answer 10

battle sign- basilar skull fracture

posterior fossa tumor -> herniation risk

Question 11

types of cerebral palsy

Answer 11

spastic/pyramidal 
non-spastic/extrapyramidal
atonic
cerebellar
ataxic 
combined

Question 12

spastic/pyramidal type

Answer 12

most common
UMN damage
stiff rigid limbs
arms, legs, can involve tongue,, mouth, larynx, speech, eating, breathing, swallowing
associated w/hip pathology, scoliosis, limb deformities

Question 13

non-spastic/extrapyramidal

Answer 13

2 types: ataxic and dyskinetic
decreased or fluctuating mm tone, hypotonica
impairments in involuntary movement, dyskinesias, dystonias, athetosis
mental impairment, limb deformities and seizures less likely

Question 14

Dx of CP

Answer 14

Dx of exclusion
persistent infantile reflexes, especially moro
earliest signs of spasticity usually involve resistance to passive motion
not Dx before age 2

Question 15

workup for CP

Answer 15

labs
imaging
clinical surveillance

Question 16

joint proprioception with spasticity

Answer 16

postural control abnormal in kids w/spastic d/t biomechanical not neurologic factors

Question 17

spastic CP and baseline tone

Answer 17

daily mm challenge makes mm tighter then baseline

Question 18

biomechanics in spastic CP

Answer 18

impaired down-regulation of descending pathway of myotactic reflex
causes hypertonicity and spasticity
uncoordinated mvmt
agonists/antagonists don’t work together
each mvmt can activate reflex inhibiting mvmt

Question 19

postural compenstation

Answer 19

related to specific mm groups

LE most common

Question 20

hamstring hypertonicity

Answer 20

causes post innominatne
decreased lumbar lordosis
extended TLJ
flattened thoracic kyphosis 
extended OA

Question 21

altered hip mechanics

Answer 21

excessive force thru acetabulum -> increased risk of hip dislocation, fracture, or avascular necrosis
always evaluate new onset pain or changes in fnx

Question 22

non-spastic CP presentation

Answer 22

generalized hypotonia and increased DTRs in infancy progresses to dyskinesias in childhood
hypotonic

Question 23

non-spastic CP presentation

Answer 23

generalized hypotonia and increased DTRs in infancy progresses to dyskinesias in childhood
hypotonic and altered mvmt patterns affect proprioception input
baseline tone lower then normal
postural mechanisms impaired

Question 24

other symptoms of non-spastic CP

Answer 24

sensorineural hearing loss
strabismus
nystagmus

Question 25

postural compensation of non-spastic CP

Answer 25

create balance and stability thru locking weight-bearing joints and shortening antigravity mm decreased cervical lordosis -> head forward

Question 26

SD d/t postural compensation of non-spastic CP

Answer 26

``` anterior pelvis extension dysfunction of OA and shortened suboccipital mm -> chronic HA and bruxism tibial rotations and torsions persistent femoral anteversion pes planus genu valgus back, knee, and hip pain ```

Question 27

SD d/t postural compensation of non-spastic CP

Answer 27

``` anterior pelvis extension dysfunction of OA and shortened suboccipital mm -> chronic HA and bruxism tibial rotations and torsions persistent femoral anteversion pes planus genu valgus back, knee, and hip pain ```

Question 28

isometric ME

Answer 28

same mm length

Question 29

isotonic concentric ME

Answer 29

same tone shorten mm pt wins

Question 30

isotonic eccentric ME

Answer 30

same tone lengthen mm doc wins

Question 31

isolytic ME

Answer 31

quickly overcoming pt contraction

Question 32

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 32

uses withdrawal and crossed-extensor reflexes therapeutically MET to one group of mm to affect the antagonist partner

Question 33

kids under 8

Answer 33

ME doesn't work well

Question 34

ME for spastic CP

Answer 34

isolytic- good for adhesions, fibrosis, used directly on hypertonic mm reciprocal inhibition- decreased tone in hypertonic mm using mm that are under better voluntary control of pt, good for hemiplegias and u/l contractures

Question 35

ME for non-spastic CP

Answer 35

isotonic- addressed shortened mm isotonic concentric- strengthen and improve firing pattern of hypotonic mm isometric- joint mechanics and mm firing patterns

Question 36

MFR and CP

Answer 36

good for all types long lever fasica strains thru whole system fascia carries proprioceptive information treat fascial tubes of TAP cylinder

Question 37

BLT for CP

Answer 37

balance tone in joints, works well w/MET | Tx tibia-fibular and interosseous membrane b/c high concentration of proprioceptors here

Question 38

FPR and CP

Answer 38

good for short restrictions such as suboccipital and paraspinal

Question 39

FPR and CP

Answer 39

good for short restrictions such as suboccipital and paraspinal

Question 40

HVLA and CP

Answer 40

unable to isolate well enough to use hypotonic CP associated w/ligamentous laxity hypertonic too much guarding

Question 41

why are CP kids hospitalized?

Answer 41

pneumonia reflux tube placement for nutrition

Question 42

how can we use OMT to Tx pneumonia in CP kids

Answer 42

ribs thoracic vertebral motion MFR (sternum and mediastinum)

Question 43

how can we use OMT to Tx reflux in CP kids

Answer 43

``` diaphragm motion thoracic and pelvic diaphragms cranial base mechanisms middle cervical spine middle thoracic spine ```

Question 44

how can we use OMT to Tx reflux in CP kids

Answer 44

``` diaphragm motion thoracic and pelvic diaphragms cranial base mechanisms middle cervical spine middle thoracic spine ```

Question 45

how can we use OMT to Tx reflux in CP kids

Answer 45

``` diaphragm motion thoracic and pelvic diaphragms cranial base mechanisms middle cervical spine middle thoracic spine ```