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Fall '12 A&P final exam > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cranial Nerve V? and what is it important for?

A

Trigeminal

Mastication

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2
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VII? and what is it important for?

A

Facial

Facial movement, motor to the face

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3
Q

What is Cranial Nerve X? and what is it important for?

A

Vagus
Swallowing & Phonation
Velar Movement

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4
Q

What is Cranial Nerve XII? and what is it important for?

A

Hypoglossus

Tongue

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5
Q

If there is a lesion on Cranial V, what problems would you expect to see?

A
  • increased jaw jerk reflex
  • LMN damage will result in atrophy and weakness on the affected side
  • Difficulty chewing
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6
Q

If there is a lesion on Cranial Nerve VII what might you expect to see?

A

Drooling, difficulty keeping food in mouth during oral phase, difficulty taking food from spoon/straw, pocketing in buccal cavity on damaged side
-Bell’s palsy

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7
Q

If there is a lesion to Cranial Nerve X, what might you expect to see?

A
  • trouble swallowing
  • trouble speaking (unable to phonate)
  • hypernasality
  • nasal regurgitation
  • dysphagia
  • paralysis of the pharyngeal constrictor
  • laryngeal stridor
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8
Q

If there is a lesion to Cranial Nerve XII, what might you expect to see?

A

-difficulty forming a bolus, probably residue/pocketing on damaged side

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9
Q

what does decussate mean?

A

-Cross over of nerves

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10
Q

Where does pyramidal decussation occur?

A

-the brainstem/medulla oblongotta

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11
Q

what crosses over at the pyramidal decussation?

A
  • cranial nerves & spinal nerves

- corticobulbar & corticospinal tracts

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12
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A
  • executive planning
  • emotions
  • personality
  • reasoning
  • judgment
  • directs and inhibits us from doing stuff
  • voluntary movement
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13
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A
  • sensation
  • kinesthesia
  • touch
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14
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

vision

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15
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

auditory processing

allows us to understand speech

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16
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

a bundle of fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and transmits information between the two hemispheres

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17
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus?

A

the motor strip

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18
Q

what is the function of the postcentral gyrus?

A

sensory strip

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19
Q

What is aphasia?

A
  • Language based disorder
  • typically caused by stroke/damage to left middle cerebral artery
  • trouble understanding/saying things
  • broca’s aphasia=frontal lobe
  • wernicke’s aphasia=temporal lobe
  • higher level cortical damage
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20
Q

What is dysarthria?

A
  • motor based disorder
  • lower motor damage
  • physical weakness in the muscles
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21
Q

What is apraxia?

A
  • motor planning and programing

- trouble putting all the sounds together

22
Q

What is Dysphagia?

A

-trouble swallowing

23
Q

Frontal or Temporal lobe damage often leads to what kind of speech?

A

aphasia

24
Q

Cranial Nerve damage leads to what kind of speech?

A

dysarthria

25
Q

Upper motor neuron is associated with? and it consists of what?

A
  • Central Nervous System

- brain and spinal chord

26
Q

Lower motor neuron is associated with? and it consists of?

A
  • peripheral nervous system

- nerves

27
Q

What keeps us alive b/c it is in charge of respiration and circulation?

A

medulla oblongata

28
Q

What is Corticobulbar?

A
  • innervates the brainstem/ cranial nerves
  • goes to the neurons and is related to speech and swallow
  • Information Highways sending information from brain to brainstem. It is all the cranial nerves! they are projection tracts
29
Q

What is Corticospinal?

A

information highway/projection tracts that send information from brain down the spinal cord to spinal nerves and the rest of the body.

30
Q

What receives information?

A

dendrites

31
Q

What transmits the information?

A

axon

32
Q

What is the axon covered by?

A

myelin

33
Q

What type of myelin covers the central nervous system nerves?

A

oligodendrocytes

34
Q

what type of myelin covers the peripheral nervous system nerves?

A

schwann cells

35
Q

the dendrite sends the information to?

A

The soma

36
Q

what is the part of the neuron that transmits the pulse

A

Axon

37
Q

Breaks in the Myelin Sheathe

A

nodes of ranvier

38
Q

How does the signal transfer?

A

it jumps from node to node

39
Q

What is in the End Bouton?

A

Neurotransmitters

40
Q

What is the space between the neurons?

A

synaptic cleft

41
Q

How does a neuron fire?

A

all at once

42
Q

where is the information released?

A

synaptic cleft

43
Q

what happens at the nodes of ranvier?

A

are spaces between the myelin, inside the end bouton

44
Q

Where do commands for voluntary function orginate from?

A

the cerebrum/cortex

45
Q

If there is damage to the left middle cerebral artery?

A
  • aphasia
  • dysarthria
  • apraxia
  • dysphagia
46
Q

what does the left middle cerebral artery supply?

A

those areas related to speech and swallow

47
Q

what is dorsal to the brainstem?

A

cerebellum

48
Q

what is the primary motor strip?

A

pre-central gyrus

49
Q

what is the primary sensory strip?

A

postcentral gyrus

50
Q

If you have damage to the frontal lobe, what kind of aphasia would you probably have?

A

broca’s aphasia

Fall '12 A&P final exam (2 decks)

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