Neuro Flashcards
What does ABI stand for?
Acquired brain injury
What does TBI stand for?
Traumatic brain injury
What is acquired brain injury?
Any condition/even resulting in a sudden, non-progressive or non-degenerative change in neurological processing.
What are included under the umbrella term “ABI”?
Traumatic brain injury
Stroke or cerebral vascular accident
Post-surgical neurologic Complications
Vestibular dysfunctions
What are some of the conditions often seen in TBI?
Decreased level of consciousness Amnesia Skull fracture Neurological or neurophsychological abnormality Intracranial lesion
Shearing forces in the brain may cause what?
Breakage of blood vessels (epidural or subdural hematomas)
Diffuse axonal injury
What are some symptoms of post trauma vision syndrome?
Convergence insufficiency High phoria Accommodative dysfunction Poor attention/concentration Oculomotor deficits/visual-spatial distortions
What occurs visually in the occipital lobe?
Contour
Contrast
Depth
What occurs visually in the frontal lobe?
Motor planning
Self directed eye movements
What occurs visually in the temporal lobe?
Recognition of people, places and things
What occurs visually in the parietal lobe?
Spatial organization of objects and visual attention
What percent of fibers are dedicated to the parvocellular pathway?
80%
What occurs in the parvocellular pathway?
Central processing/Focal vision
Recognition
Is the parvocellular pathway the ventral or dorsal stream?
Ventral
What is the pathway of the parvo cells?
LGN -> Occipital -> Temporal
Is the magno pathway the dorsal or ventral stream?
Dorsal
What percent of fibers contribute to the magno pathway?
20%
What does the magnocelluar pathway recognize?
Where is it? (visual-spatial/sensory modality of space)
What movements of the eye are associated with the magno pathway?
Persuits
Saccades
Vergence
What is the pathway for the magno cells?
LGN -> Occipital -> Parietal
What does ambient vision lead to?
Binocularity
Accurate judgement of distance and movement
Defining our self image/view of the world
Interfering with the central/focal processing causes what two things?
Refractive shifts
Accommodative dysfunction
What is visual neglect?
Cognitive deficit that refers to the unawareness of objects, people, and visual stimuli presented in a visual space contralateral to the cerebral lesion
Most patients with visual spatial neglect will also have what?
A visual field loss
What tests can we run for people with visual neglect?
Line bisection
Clock drawing
In the line bisection test, if a patient is bisecting lines closer to the right edge, which visual field to they neglect?
Left side
What is visual midline shift syndrome?
The mismatch of information and distorting of space due to disruption of ambient system
What are some symptoms of visual midline shift?
Alteration of posture
Difficulty with balance
How can we adjust a visual midline shift?
Yoked prisms
What outdoor tint colors are used for photophobia?
Brown or gray
What indoor tint colors are used for photophobia?
Blue or gray (blue for fluorescent lighting)
Can diplopia from acquired brain injury resolve itself?
Yes, over a period of months
What can be done to rehab oculomotor deficits?
Line tracing, Ann Arbor tracking
Track printed words from book on tape
Color in specific letters on a page
