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PPO II > Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four factors that affect blood pressure?

A

Force of the blood pumped
Amount of blood pumped
Size of the arteries
Flexibility of the arteries

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2
Q

Blood pressure is dependent on which 7 things?

A 
Activity
Temperature
Diet
Emotional state
Posture
Physical state
Medication use
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3
Q

Blood pressure is reported as ___ pressure over ___ pressure.

A

Systolic over diastolic

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4
Q

The left arm can differ how much from the right arm?

A

About 5 mm Hg

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5
Q

Should blood pressure and pulse be measured before or after instilling drops?

A

Before

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6
Q

What is hypertensive retinopathy?

A

A manifestation of the disease process of increased blood pressure in the eye

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7
Q

What is seen in the eye with hypertensive retinopathy?

A

Retinal arteries narrow and constrict
Blood vessels leak causing flame hemorrhages and exudates
Cotton wool spots in the nerve fiber layer of the retina from hypoxia

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8
Q

What other things my hypertension cause in the eye?

A 
Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage
Retinal artery occlusion
Retinal vein occlusion
Retinal artery macro-aneurysms
Exudative retinal detachments
Oculo-motor palsies
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9
Q

To which diseases my hyper and hypo tension contribute?

A

Open angle glaucoma

Transient ischemic attact/ amaurosis fugax

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10
Q

What is the range for normal BP?

A

Less that 120/80

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11
Q

What is the range for pre-hypertension?

A

120-139/80-89

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12
Q

What is the range for stage 1 hypertension?

A

140-159/90-99

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13
Q

What is the range for stage 2 hypertension?

A

Greater than 160/99

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14
Q

What is white coat syndrome?

A

Elevation of BP due to anxiety of being in a doctor’s office

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15
Q

What percentage of the population exhibits white coat syndrome?

A

20-30%

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16
Q

What is malignant hypertension?

A

All the findings of hypertensive retinopathy PLUS swollen optic nerve head

17
Q

Malignant hypertension may also present with what?

A

Occipital headaches

18
Q

Malignant hypertension is diagnosed if papilledema is present. What is papilledema?

A

Swollen optic nerve head

19
Q

What are causes of secondary hypertension?

A

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
Pheochromocytoma
Kidney disease
Adrenal disease

20
Q

When does pre-eclampsia/eclampsia set in?

A

Around 20 weeks of gestation

21
Q

Should a pregnant woman have a dilated exam?

A

No

22
Q

Should a pregnant woman with malignant hypertension be dilated?

A

Yes, but in consultation with OB-GYN and pediatrition

23
Q

What are the risks for a pregnant woman with malignant hypertension?

A

Risk for bilateral occipital lobe infarction

Cortical blindness

24
Q

What symptoms are urgent when associated with high blood pressure?

A 
Chest pain
Difficulty breathing
Headache
Blurred vision
Optic disc swelling
Diastolic of 110-120 mmHg

PPO II (16 decks)

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