Blood Pressure Flashcards
What are the four factors that affect blood pressure?
Force of the blood pumped
Amount of blood pumped
Size of the arteries
Flexibility of the arteries
Blood pressure is dependent on which 7 things?
Activity Temperature Diet Emotional state Posture Physical state Medication use
Blood pressure is reported as ___ pressure over ___ pressure.
Systolic over diastolic
The left arm can differ how much from the right arm?
About 5 mm Hg
Should blood pressure and pulse be measured before or after instilling drops?
Before
What is hypertensive retinopathy?
A manifestation of the disease process of increased blood pressure in the eye
What is seen in the eye with hypertensive retinopathy?
Retinal arteries narrow and constrict
Blood vessels leak causing flame hemorrhages and exudates
Cotton wool spots in the nerve fiber layer of the retina from hypoxia
What other things my hypertension cause in the eye?
Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage Retinal artery occlusion Retinal vein occlusion Retinal artery macro-aneurysms Exudative retinal detachments Oculo-motor palsies
To which diseases my hyper and hypo tension contribute?
Open angle glaucoma
Transient ischemic attact/ amaurosis fugax
What is the range for normal BP?
Less that 120/80
What is the range for pre-hypertension?
120-139/80-89
What is the range for stage 1 hypertension?
140-159/90-99
What is the range for stage 2 hypertension?
Greater than 160/99
What is white coat syndrome?
Elevation of BP due to anxiety of being in a doctor’s office
What percentage of the population exhibits white coat syndrome?
20-30%
What is malignant hypertension?
All the findings of hypertensive retinopathy PLUS swollen optic nerve head
Malignant hypertension may also present with what?
Occipital headaches
Malignant hypertension is diagnosed if papilledema is present. What is papilledema?
Swollen optic nerve head
What are causes of secondary hypertension?
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
Pheochromocytoma
Kidney disease
Adrenal disease
When does pre-eclampsia/eclampsia set in?
Around 20 weeks of gestation
Should a pregnant woman have a dilated exam?
No
Should a pregnant woman with malignant hypertension be dilated?
Yes, but in consultation with OB-GYN and pediatrition
What are the risks for a pregnant woman with malignant hypertension?
Risk for bilateral occipital lobe infarction
Cortical blindness
What symptoms are urgent when associated with high blood pressure?
Chest pain Difficulty breathing Headache Blurred vision Optic disc swelling Diastolic of 110-120 mmHg
